Seed coat specific weight in Lupinus angustifolius: influence of genotype and environment and relationship with seed coat proportion
M. Mera A B C , R. Jerez B , H. Miranda B and J. L. Rouanet A BA Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-Carillanca, Casilla 58-D, Temuco, Chile.
B Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
C Corresponding author. Email: mmera@carillanca.inia.cl
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55(11) 1189-1195 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR04095
Submitted: 19 April 2004 Accepted: 9 September 2004 Published: 26 November 2004
Abstract
Abstract. The relatively high seed coat proportion of the narrow-leafed lupin reduces its economic value. This character has been shown to be affected by seed weight, and this limits the use of seed coat proportion as a selection criterion. We examined the variation for seed coat specific weight, a potential alternative selection criterion, and tested its relationship with seed coat proportion and seed weight. Seeds were sampled from mainstem pods of 14 winter-sown genotypes of Lupinus angustifolius L. grown at 4 southern Chile sites over 2 years. Seed coat specific weight had an overall mean of 30.1 mg/cm2. Highly significant genotypic effects were found (range 28.9–32.1 mg/cm2). The ranges for sites and years were 29.1–31.1 and 28.9–31.2 mg/cm2, respectively. Genotypes interacted significantly with years, but not with sites. Broad-sense heritability was 0.59, a value that predicts a good response to selection for this character. Seed coat specific weight was weakly correlated (rph = 0.11*) with seed coat proportion, and was not associated with mean seed weight. Seed coat proportion was negatively correlated with mean seed weight (rph = –0.75***) and had high broad-sense heritability (0.95). The correlation between seed coat specific weight and a theoretical seed coat thickness, calculated under the assumptions of equal mass density of seed coat, cotyledons, and embryo, and a spherical-shaped seed, was r = 0.14*. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between seed coat specific weight and number of seeds per pod were 0.41 and 0.84, respectively. Our results indicate that selection for low seed coat proportion will lead to larger seeded genotypes, but will not reduce seed coat specific weight. Selection for low seed coat proportion after crosses would presumably be effective in reducing seedcoat specific weight if all segregating materials were uniformly large seeded, but that scenario is unrealistic. The evidence presented here suggests that selection for low seed coat specific weight (or measures correlated with it) in segregating populations will be necessary in order to increase the proportion of higher value kernels in seeds and to improve the economic yield of lupins.
Additional keywords: narrow-leafed lupin, domestication, seed hull, testa, heritability, variance components.
Acknowledgments
CONICYT Chile funded this research through FONDECYT Project 1000609. We thank Wallace Cowling, University of Western Australia, and Bevan Buirchell, Agriculture Western Australia, for providing seed of Australian genetic materials. Thanks are also due to Erik von Baer, Seeds Baer, Temuco, Chile, for providing two genetic materials and land at two sites. We are grateful to Wallace Cowling for reviewing the manuscript and to Jon Clements for providing information on a device to remove lupin seed coat sections.
Ali Khan ST
(1993) Seed hull content in field pea. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, 611–613.
Allard, RW (1960).
von Baer D, Perez I
(1991) Quality standard propositions for commercial grains of white lupin (Lupinus albus). ‘Proceedings of the 6th International Lupin Conference’. (Ed. D von Baer )
pp. 158–167. (Asociación Chilena del Lupino: Temuco, Chile)
Clements JC,
Dracup M, Galwey N
(2002) Effect of genotype and environment on proportion of seed hull and pod wall in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, 1147–1154.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clements JC,
Zvyagin AV,
Dilusha Silva KKMB,
Wanner T,
Sampson DD, Cowling WA
(2004) Optical coherence tomography as a novel tool for non-destructive measurement of the hull thickness of lupin seeds. Plant Breeding 123, 266–270.
| Crossref |
Cowling WA
(1999) Pedigrees and characteristics of narrow-leafed lupin cultivars released in Australia from 1967 to 1998. Agriculture Western Australia Bulletin 4365, Perth.
Cowling WA, Gladstones JS
(2000) Lupin breeding in Australia. ‘Linking research and marketing opportunities for pulses in the 21st Century’. (Ed. R Knight)
pp. 541–547. (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands)
Dandanell Daveby YD, Äman P
(1993) Chemical composition of certain dehulled legume seeds and their hulls with special reference to carbohydrates. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 23, 133–139.
Dracup, M ,
and
Kirby, EJM (1996).
Edwards AC, van Barneveld RJ
(1998) Lupins for livestock and fish. ‘Lupins as crop plants: biology, production and utilization’. (Eds JS Gladstones, CA Atkins, J Hamblin)
pp. 385–409. (CAB International: Oxford, UK)
El-Shazly MS,
El-Ashry MM,
Gaafar EM, Mohamed MMM
(1995) Inheritance of some seed quality characters in faba bean. FABIS Newsletter 36/37, 8–13.
Gil J, Cubero JI
(1993) Inheritance of seed coat thickness in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and its evolutionary implications. Plant Breeding 111, 257–260.
Hanson WD
(1963) Heritability. ‘Statistical genetics and plant breeding’. (Eds WD Hanson, HF Robinson, J Hamblin)
pp. 125–140. (National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council: Washington, DC)
Hauksdottir, H ,
Kuptsov, N ,
and
Joernsgaard, B (2003).
Jerez R, Mera M, Miranda H, von Baer E, Rouanet JL
(2002) Genotypic and environmental effects on seed coat proportion and specific weight in cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius. ‘Plant breeding for the 11th Millennium. Proceedings of the 12th Australasian Plant Breeding Conference’. Perth, WA. (Ed. JA McComb )
pp. 812–814. (Australian Plant Breeding Association)
Johnson HW,
Robinson HF, Comstock RE
(1955) Genotypic and phenotypic correlations in soybean and their implications in selection. Agronomy Journal 47, 477–483.
Lamghari R, Villaume C, Bau HM, Schwertz A, Nicolas JP, Mejean L
(1999) The hulls of sweet white lupin contain an inappetent factor. ‘Towards the 21st Century. Proceedings of the 8th International Lupin Conference’. Asilomar, California. (Ed. GD Hill )
pp. 129–133. (International Lupin Association: Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand)
Lenoble M
(1982) Variability and breeding possibilities for pod and seed characteristics in Lupinus albus L. ‘Proceedings 2nd International Lupin Conference’. Torremolinos, Spain. (International Lupin Association: Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand)
Lush WM, Evans LT
(1980) The seed coats of cowpeas and other grain legumes: structure in relation to function. Field Crops Research 3, 267–286.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mera M,
Harcha C,
Miranda H, Rouanet JL
(2004) Genotypic and environmental effects on pod wall proportion and pod wall specific weight in Lupinus angustifolius. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, 397–406.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Miao ZH,
Fortune JA, Gallagher J
(2001) Anatomical structure and nutritive value of lupin seed coats. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, 985–993.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Reader M, Dracup M
(1998) Hull and pod wall weights in lupin. ‘Crop updates 1998’. (Agriculture Western Australia: Perth, W. Aust.)
Rowland GG, Fowler DB
(1977) Factors affecting selection for seed coat thickness in fababeans (Vicia faba L.). Crop Science 17, 88–90.
Schefler, WC (1979).
Smulikowska S,
Wasilewko J, Mieczkowska A
(1995) A note on the chemical composition of the cotyledons and seed coat of three species of sweet lupin. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 4, 69–76.
Withers NJ,
King S, Hove EL
(1975) Seed weight, proportion of seed coat, and nitrogen content of several species of sweet lupin: a note. NZ Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3, 331–332.
