Liveweight and wool growth responses to a Mediterranean environment in three strains of Merino sheep

Abstract

The present study examined changes in wool growth, liveweight, and body composition in groups of fine, medium, and broad wool Merino wethers grazed together at pasture in the highly seasonal Mediterranean environment, to determine the sources of variation in wool growth that may affect staple strength (SS). Seasonal changes in wool growth were measured using 6 dyebands placed at times of seasonal change in the nutrient supply from pasture, and liveweights were recorded fortnightly. Dilution of deuterated water was used to determine changes in body composition between the beginning of summer and the end of autumn. The sheep lost liveweight over this period, but loss of protein relative to fat over this period was unexpectedly high (7 : 1). The relative changes in liveweight, and loss of its components (fat and lean) during summer and autumn, were similar in all 3 groups, even though the Broad group was heavier than the other 2 genotypes at all times (P < 0·01). In contrast to the similar pattern of liveweight change, wool growth rates and changes in the fibre diameter were less variable throughout the year in the Broad group than the other 2 groups (P < 0·001). Stepwise regression indicated that the characteristics related to SS were standard deviation in fibre diameter (SD_fd; P < 0·001), mean fibre diameter (P < 0·001), and variation in diameter within a 200-mm length of wool fibre (Sd_fdwithin; P < 0·05). However, the relative importance of different factors for SS differed within each group. The most important factors were mean fibre diameter in the Fine group, the variation in fibre diameter along the staple (SD_fdalong) in the Medium group, and the variation in diameter between fibres (SD_fdbetween) in the Broad group.

It is concluded that SS is a complex characteristic, depending on both the fibre diameter and several sources of variation in fibre diameter, all of which can differ among flocks. Protein loss made a disproportionate contribution to liveweight loss over summer and autumn, but the amino acids made available did not contribute substantially to wool growth or SS.