A Fluorescent Chemosensor for Zn2+ Based on a C3-Symmetrical and Pre-Organized 2,2′,2″-Nitrilotribenzoic Acid Material
Wenguang Wei A B , Yao Jin A B , Tao Han A B , Bin Du A B C , Xiujuan Zhi A B , Chaojun Wei A B and Sichun Yuan A B CA Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 102206, China.
B Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
C Corresponding authors. Email: Bindu80@bua.edu.cn; ysc@bua.edu.cn
Australian Journal of Chemistry 71(11) 890-901 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH18308
Submitted: 5 July 2018 Accepted: 8 September 2018 Published: 11 October 2018
Abstract
A C3-symmetrical 4,4″,4⁗-nitrilotris(2′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid) (4) derived from nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was found to selectively bind Zinc(ii) ions both in DMSO or MeOH. A synergistic effect of the anionic counter ion SO42− on the sensing behaviour of 4 to metal ions was clearly observed in DMSO. Interestingly, 4 showed a rapid hypochromatic shift in emission ascribed to the deprotonation and the concomitant formation of a 4–metal complex upon the addition of Zn2+ ions, instead of the bathochromic shift and emission enhancement attributed to the SO42−-involved hydrogen-bonding interaction for Ni2+, Li+, Mg2+, and Na+ ions at ratios below 1:1 in DMSO. The observed sensing process of sulfate salts associated with the SO42−-involved hydrogen-bonding interaction, deprotonation, and the concomitant complexation can also be clearly monitored by titration methods utilising UV-vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy in solution. In comparison with 4, compound 1 showed an obvious difference in the binding interaction with zinc sulfate in MeOH, probably owing to the decreased acidity. Anion-induced hydrogen-bonding interactions and deprotonation of the COOH protons in the excited state also endowed 4 versatile spectroscopic properties. The addition of F− and SO42− anions resulted in a remarkable enhancement probably related with a rigidifying effect. 2,2′,2″-Nitrilotribenzoic acid can be utilised as a potential scaffold to build a series of conjugated fluorescent sensors by its chelation effect owing to the rigid cavity pre-organised by the triphenylamine moiety and the carboxylic groups and the conjugation extension in the 4,4′,4″ positions.
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