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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 75(9)

Magnetic properties and neutron spectroscopy of lanthanoid-{tetrabromocatecholate/18-crown-6} single-molecule magnets

Maja A. Dunstan A , Marina Cagnes B , Wasinee Phonsri C , Keith S. Murray C , Richard A. Mole B * and Colette Boskovic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-2139 A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.

B Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia.

C School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.

* Correspondence to: c.boskovic@unimelb.edu.au

Handling Editor: George Koutsantonis

Australian Journal of Chemistry 75(9) 595-609 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH21306
Submitted: 28 November 2021  Accepted: 12 January 2022   Published: 14 March 2022

© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Lanthanoid single-molecule magnets (Ln-SMMs) exhibit slow magnetic relaxation at low temperatures. This arises from an energy barrier to magnetisation reversal associated with the crystal field (CF) splitting of the Ln(III) ion. The magnetic relaxation is impacted by the interaction of the molecule with the crystal lattice, so factors including particle size and crystal packing can play an important role. In this work, a family of compounds of general formula [Ln(18-c-6)(NO3)(Br4Cat)]·X (Ln = La, Tb, Dy; 18-c-6 = 18-crown-6; Br4Cat2− = tetrabromocatecholate) has been studied by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and magnetometry to elucidate the effects of crystal packing on the slow magnetic relaxation of the Tb(III) and Dy(III) compounds. The deuterated analogues [Ln(18-c-6-d24)(NO3)(Br4Cat)]·CH3CN-d3 (1-LnD; Ln = La, Tb, Dy) have been synthesised, with 1-TbD and the diamagnetic analogue 1-LaD measured by INS. The dynamic magnetic properties of 1-TbD and 1-DyD have also been measured and compared for two samples with different particle sizes. To probe packing effects on the slow magnetic relaxation, two new solvatomorphs of the hydrogenous compounds [Ln(18-c-6)(NO3)(Br4Cat)]·X (2-Ln: X = CH2Cl2; 3-Ln: X = 0.5 toluene) have been obtained for Ln = Tb and Dy. The CF splitting between the ground and first excited CF pseudo-doublets has been experimentally determined for 1-TbD by INS, and strongly rare earth dependent and anharmonic lattice vibrational modes have also been observed in the INS spectra, with implications for slow magnetic relaxation. Dynamic magnetic measurements reveal significant particle-size dependence for the slow magnetic relaxation for 1-TbD, while a previously reported anomalous phonon bottleneck effect in the 1-DyD analogue does not change with particle size. Further dynamic magnetic measurements of 2-Ln and 3-Ln show that the slow magnetic relaxation in these Ln-SMMs is strongly dependent on lattice effects and crystal packing, which has implications for the future use of Ln-SMMs in devices.

Keywords: deuteration, inelastic neutron scattering, lanthanides, magnetic properties, phonon bottleneck, rare earths, single-molecule magnets, spectroscopy.


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