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Southern hemisphere botanical ecosystems
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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 72(4)

APCalign: an R package workflow and app for aligning and updating flora names to the Australian Plant Census

Elizabeth H. Wenk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5640-5910 A * , William K. Cornwell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-4073 A , Anne Fuchs https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5737-8803 B , Fonti Kar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-3974 A , Anna M. Monro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9031-2670 B , Hervé Sauquet https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-3236 A C , Ruby E. Stephens https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-2690 A D and Daniel S. Falster https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-092X A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

B Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia.

C National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, NSW, Australia.

D School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW, Australia.

* Correspondence to: ehwenk@gmail.com

Handling Editor: James Camac

Australian Journal of Botany 72, BT24014 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT24014
Submitted: 6 February 2024  Accepted: 15 May 2024  Published: 13 June 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)

Abstract

Here we present ‘APCalign’, an R package and accompanying browser-sourced application to align and update scientific names for Australian vascular plants to the most likely currently accepted name in the Australian Plant Census (APC) or a name in the Australian Plant Names Index (APNI). Scientific names are the label assigned to unique taxon concepts by the scientific community, but this common terminology is most useful if a taxon concept is consistently referred to by the same name. These links can be broken because of either spelling mistakes or taxonomic changes. Automated tools are required to resolve taxon lists, aligning and updating long lists of possibly erroneous scientific names to the most likely currently accepted names. It is essential that tools specific to the APC/APNI be developed, because these lists specify an endorsed national-level nomenclature used in government legislation and include the uniquely Australian concept of phrase names, absent in global taxonomic datasets. To align input names to names within the APC or APNI, ‘APCalign’ works progressively through a sequence of checks that combine different permutations of the input name, exact versus fuzzy matches, matches that consider the entire name input versus a subset of words, and character strings that indicate a name can be resolved only to a genus or family. The aligned names are then, when possible, updated to a currently accepted taxon concept within the APC. This package should facilitate all research outputs that require diverse scientific name lists to be merged or outdated lists to be updated.

Keywords: Australian Plant Census, biodiversity informatics, bioinformatics, conservation biology, plant taxonomy, R-package, taxon concept, vascular plants.

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