Optimising conservation translocations of threatened Caladenia (Orchidaceae) by identifying adult microsite and germination niche
Noushka Reiter
A B * and Myles H. M. Menz C D E F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Science Division, Corner of Ballarto Road and Botanic Drive, Cranbourne, Vic. 3977, Australia.
B Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, RN Robertson Building, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
C College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
D Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
E Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78547 Konstanz, Germany.
F School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Australian Journal of Botany 70(3) 231-247 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT21132
Submitted: 9 November 2021 Accepted: 30 March 2022 Published: 6 May 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Context: Conservation translocations are increasingly being used in the management of rare plants, yet have low success in maintaining populations through recruitment.
Aims: We investigated whether the survival of translocated plants, recruitment and, therefore, cost effectiveness, can be improved by selecting optimal microsites for both adults and seedlings.
Methods: Caladenia colorata plants propagated symbiotically with Serendipita australiana (n = 735) were introduced to four sites where the pollinator was present and vegetation matched wild populations. Plant demography was monitored over 6 years. The relationship between microsite variables and measures of orchid survival, re-emergence, flowering and recruitment were analysed with generalised linear mixed-effects models. We then estimated potential improvement in emergence and recruitment, if microsite selection was optimised.
Key results: A total of 77% of plants survived translocation, and populations grew by 84% through recruitment (n = 615). Survival was positively associated with cover of leaf litter, graminoids and cryptogams. Recruitment was positively correlated with soil moisture. The majority of recruitment was within 5 cm of adult C. colorata plants. The potential improvement by selecting favourable microsites increased adult survival by up to 8% and recruitment by 10–40%.
Conclusions: Incorporating both the germination niche and adult plant niche within plant translocations more broadly could significantly improve long-term population persistence and the utilisation of conservation funding.
Implications: Our results are directly applicable to 58 endangered Caladenia species in the subgenus Calonema, owing to their shared mycorrhizal association with S. australiana. Furthermore, our results are applicable to all plant translocations as understanding germination niche and microhabitat requirements is likely to improve success overall.
Keywords: Caladenia colorata, conservation, endangered species, microsite, mycorrhiza, Orchidaceae, recruitment, regenerative niche, Serendipita, translocation.
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