Nutritional traits of riverine eucalypts across lowland catchments in southeastern Australia
Denise R. Fernando
A , Fiona Dyer B , Susan Gehrig C , Sam Capon D , Anthony E. Fernando E , Amy George D , Cherie Campbell F , Alica Tschierschke B , Gary Palmer D , Micah Davies G , Andrew S. Kinsela H , Richard N. Collins H , Martin Nolan G and Tanya Doody G *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3085, Australia.
B Centre for Applied Water Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia.
C Flora, Flow & Floodplains, Mildura, Vic., Australia.
D Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia.
E Ecolinc Science and Technology Innovations Centre, Maddingley, Vic. 3340, Australia.
F Centre for Applied Water Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia.
G CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
H School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Australian Journal of Botany 69(8) 565-584 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT21002
Submitted: 2 January 2021 Accepted: 21 July 2021 Published: 28 October 2021
© 2021 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC)
Abstract
Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) trees are ubiquitous in riparian–floodplain zones of Australia’s south-eastern river catchments, where natural ecosystems continue to be affected. In the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), provision of environmental flows to mitigate tree decline is informed by past field studies. However, broadscale empirical field data on tree nutrition and response to external changes remain scarce. This is the first study to gather soil and plant data across a large area of catchment lowlands to generate a low-resolution regional snapshot of tree nutrition and soil chemistry. Leaves and soils were sampled across and adjacent to the MDB; from and beneath mature trees of three key riverine eucalypts, Eucalyptus largiflorens, E. camaldulensis, and E. coolabah. Foliar sodium concentrations ranged from ∼500 mg kg−1 for E. coolabah up to ∼4500 mg kg−1 for E. largiflorens, with highest values at the River Murray sites. The results suggest E. largiflorens is highly salt tolerant by foliage accumulation given all trees sampled were in good condition. Further research into these species is needed to determine toxicity thresholds for elements such as sodium to aid early diagnosis of potential tree stress, which could provide an additional line of evidence for when environmental water is required to mitigate decline.
Keywords: environmental flows, eucalypt nutrition, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus coolabah, Eucalyptus largiflorens, floodplain–riparian environments, Lake Eyre Basin, Murray–Darling Basin, Murray River, natural waterflows, plant biogeochemistry, salinity, water extraction.
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