Genetic and environmental parameters show associations with essential oil composition in West Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum)
Jessie Moniodis A D , Michael Renton A B , Christopher G. Jones A , E. Liz Barbour A and Margaret Byrne A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Biological Sciences (M084), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
B School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
C Science and Conservation, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: jess.moniodis@uwa.edu.au
Australian Journal of Botany 66(1) 48-58 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT17116
Submitted: 18 June 2017 Accepted: 5 December 2017 Published: 9 January 2018
Abstract
Santalum spicatum (R.Br.) A.DC is a West Australian sandalwood species highly valued for the sesquiterpene-rich oil in mature heartwood. The oil composition, particularly levels of the valuable sesquiterpenoids α- and β-santalol and the allergenic E,E-farnesol, are known to vary across its natural distribution. Our study investigated associations of oil characteristics in 186 S. spicatum trees in semiarid and arid regions of Western Australia with genetic structure, environmental parameters and morphological features. We found associations between oil composition and genetic structure, as well as between oil composition and environmental factors. Analysis of individuals using STRUCTURE revealed two major genetic clusters (K = 2), comprising trees from the arid north clustered together, and the semiarid south-west clustered separately. Mantel tests revealed a significant association between oil characteristics and genetic distance (r = 0.129, P = 0.02). There was considerable variation in the growing environment of S. spicatum. An Adonis test showed a significant association between oil composition and provenance (P = 0.001) and between oil composition and soil type (P = 0.002) but not oil composition and other environmental characters. Soil type was significantly related to santalol and E,E-farnesol content. No significant associations between oil composition and morphological features were identified.
Additional keywords: essential oil variation, genetic distance, microsatellites, Santalaceae, Santalum, sesquiterpenes.
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