Antitropical distribution of Lobelia species (Campanulaceae) between the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Oceania as indicated by molecular data
Goro Kokubugata A E , Koh Nakamura B , Paul I. Forster C , Yumiko Hirayama A and Masatsugu Yokota D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan.
B Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
C Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia.
D Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
E Corresponding author. Email: gkokubu@kahaku.go.jp
Australian Journal of Botany 60(5) 417-428 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT11316
Submitted: 14 December 2011 Accepted: 6 May 2012 Published: 13 August 2012
Abstract
We tested the antitropical distribution of Lobelia loochooensis, endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan, and its putative sister species of the same section Hypsela in Oceania (Australia and New Zealand). Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on cpDNA sequences were conducted for 41 Lobelia species of 11 sections including all the species of sect. Hypsela investigated in Asia and Malesia and 32 species of 16 allied genera of family Campanulaceae, because the genus Lobelia is known to be polyphyletic. In the result, L. loochooensis and an Australian endemic L. fluviatilis formed a clade, and this clade was sister to a clade of four New Zealand endemics: L. carens, L. fatiscens, L. fugax and L. ionantha. These two clades were nested in a clade with two other Australian congeners. We conclude that: (1) the lineage of L. loochooensis and the five Lobelia species occurring in Oceania demonstrate an antitropical distribution pattern; and (2) L. loochooensis has likely originated from a dispersal event from Australia to the Ryukyu Archipelago.
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