Floral traits, pollination ecology and breeding system of three Clematis species (Ranunculaceae) in Yunnan province, southwestern China
Nan Jiang A B , Wen-Bin Yu A B , Hong-Zhe Li A C and Kai-Yun Guan A DA Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, P. R. China.
B Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China.
C Faculty of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China.
D Corresponding author. Email: guanky@mail.kib.ac.cn
Australian Journal of Botany 58(2) 115-123 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT09163
Submitted: 16 September 2009 Accepted: 2 January 2010 Published: 29 March 2010
Abstract
Flowers of Clematis display showy corollas and diversified shapes. This diversity motivates study of adaptive evolution of flower–pollinator interactions and the functional association between floral traits and plant mating strategies. An integrative study was undertaken, which focused on pollination and reproductive biology of three species representing all three floral types of Clematis. Floral traits were measured, and pollinator assemblages were observed in the field. Bagging, hand-pollination and removal treatments were used to examine breeding systems. The inbreeding depression and pollen limitation were estimated by fruit-set and seed production obtained from pollination treatments. Their floral traits are distinctly different, but are highly associated with pollination syndrome and breeding system. Among them, Clematis akebioides and C. rehderiana may be facultative autogamy (the former was delayed selfing, and the later competing selfing), and C. chrysocoma may be nearly obligate outcrossing. These conclusions are reflected in their stamen-pistil ratios. The levels of inbreeding depression are negatively associated with autonomous self-pollination. Evolution of self-pollination in C. akebioides and C. rehderiana, and pollen limitation in reproduction of the three Clematis species are discussed. This present study, integrating with previous results, will help us to comprehensively recognise and understand the pollination system and reproductive characteristics of Clematis.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grants from National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2007CB411600). We are grateful to Hua-Jie He (Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS) and Za Cui (Forestry Administration of Zhongdian County) for kind help in the field; to Andrew Smith (Fellow of Australian Academy of Science) and Patrick O’Connor (The University of Adelaide) for their suggestions and corrections of the English writing; two anonymous reviewers and Shuang-Quan Huang (Wuhan University) for valuable comments and suggestions.
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