Long term impacts of Phytophthora cinnamomi infestation on heathy woodland in the Great Otway National Park in south-eastern Australia
B. A. Wilson A C , K. Annett A , W. S. Laidlaw A , D. M. Cahill A , M. J. Garkaklis B and L. Zhuang-Griffin A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic. 3217, Australia.
B State of the Environment Pty Ltd, PO Box 14, Aireys Inlet, Vic. 3231, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: barbara.wilson@deakin.edu.au.
Australian Journal of Botany 68(8) 542-556 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT20054
Submitted: 15 May 2020 Accepted: 21 September 2020 Published: 24 November 2020
Abstract
The significant impacts of the introduced plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi on native Australian vegetation have been well documented, but there is less knowledge of long-term effects. We assessed long-term (26 years) disease progression and impacts on vegetation floristics and structure at a heathy woodland site in the Great Otway National Park, eastern section. Disease progressed dramatically between 1989 and 2005 and by 2015 only 0.08% of the site was non-diseased. There were significant declines in plant species richness and numbers of susceptible species; and increases in percentage cover of resistant sedges and grasses overall, and in cover of Leptospermum continentale (prickly tea-tree) in post-disease areas. There were significant declines of Xanthorrhoea australis (Austral grass-tree), a keystone species that contributes greatly to vegetation structure and fauna habitat. There is an urgent need to map the distribution of P. cinnamomi affected vegetation and identify floristically important non-diseased vegetation in the national park. It is imperative that quarantine of non-infested areas, phosphite application, track closures and vehicle wash-downs be implemented to reduce disease extension and protect the significant biodiversity of the region including species rich heathlands and nationally listed threatened plant and fauna species and their habitats.
Keywords: Austral grass-tree, dieback, disease, fungus, Great Otway National Park, heathlands, keystone species, pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, vegetation floristics, Xanthorrhoea australis.
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