The role of phosphorus deficiency in nodule microbial composition, and carbon and nitrogen nutrition of a native legume tree in the Cape fynbos ecosystem
Anathi Magadlela A , Waafeka Vardien A , Aleysia Kleinert A , Léanne L. Dreyer A and Alexander J. Valentine A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Botany and Zoology Department, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
B Corresponding author. Email: alexvalentine@mac.com
Australian Journal of Botany 63(5) 379-386 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT14216
Submitted: 1 September 2014 Accepted: 26 March 2015 Published: 6 May 2015
Abstract
In phosphorus (P)-poor ecosystems, microbial communities can play a major role in the nitrogen (N) mineral nutrition during N2 fixation in legumes. This study investigated the role of P nutrition on the composition of N2-fixing bacterial community in Virgilia divaricata root nodules, grown under glasshouse conditions. V. divaricata seeds were germinated in Fynbos soil as a natural inoculum, and, thereafter, transferred into sterile quartz-sand cultures and supplied with 500 µM P and 5 µM P, respectively. The N2-fixing bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and root nodules were examined on the basis of the polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) banding patterns of 16S rDNA and sequencing methods. The GenBank blast results showed that V. divaricata was nodulated by a wide range of root-nodule bacterial strains also found in the rhizosphere. These included Burkholderia phytofirmans, Burkholderia sp. and Bradyrhizobium sp., during both high and low P supply. The 15N natural-abundance data also confirmed that 40–50% of the N nutrition was from symbiotic N2 fixation. This is not only evidence of nodulation, but an indication of the adaptation of a range of N2-fixing bacterial strain species to the nutrient-poor, sandy, acidic soil of the Mediterranean-type ecosystems of the fynbos vegetation in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR). Legume species V. divaricata is highly adapted to the low-nutrient soils of its native range by its association with the symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria.
Additional keywords: acidic, P nutrient-poor soils, rhizobia strains, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Virgilia divaricata.
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