Plant diversity and ecology of ultramafic outcrops in Sabah (Malaysia)
Antony van der Ent A E , Rimi Repin B , John Sugau C and Khoon Meng Wong D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
B Sabah Parks, KK Times Square, Coastal Highway, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
C Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Malaysia.
D Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore.
E Corresponding author. Email: a.vanderent@uq.edu.au
Australian Journal of Botany 63(4) 204-215 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT14214
Submitted: 31 August 2014 Accepted: 26 January 2015 Published: 19 June 2015
Abstract
Ultramafic outcrops occupy less than 1% of the land surface of the Earth and are renowned as hotspots of plant diversity and endemism. With over 3500 km2 of ultramafic outcrops in Sabah (4.6% of the total landmass of the state) on the island of Borneo and a total of 4252 plant species recorded occurring on this substrate, Malaysia has one of the most species-rich floras occupying these outcrops globally. Over 2542 plant species have been documented on ultramafic outcrops in Kinabalu Park alone, of which a large percentage is endemic to either Kinabalu Park or Borneo. Despite the existence of this species rich flora, the full plant diversity and ecology remains largely unknown because of a lack of focussed research. Furthermore, plant diversity in many areas of Sabah is severely threatened by land-use conversion and, because many plant species occur only in a single or a few ultramafic sites, impacts on the ecosystems that support them could eventually result in their extinction.
Additional keywords: Endemism, Kinabalu Park, Mount Tambuyukon, serpentinite.
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