An apomictic tetraploid Paspalum chaseanum cytotype and its cytogenetic relationship with P. plicatulum (Poaceae): taxonomic and genetic implications
Patricia E. Novo A , Francisco Espinoza A B and Camilo L. Quarin AA Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE–CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, Casilla de Correo 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
B Corresponding author. Email: espinoza@agr.unne.edu.ar
Australian Journal of Botany 61(7) 538-543 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT13194
Submitted: 23 May 2013 Accepted: 3 November 2013 Published: 11 February 2014
Abstract
Paspalum chaseanum Parodi (Poaceae) is a rare species seldom found in the vast phytogeographic Chaco region of South America. It occurs in some localities as a diploid with 20 somatic chromosomes, reproduces sexually and is self-incompatible. A tetraploid cytotype was recently collected in this geographic region. This accession was determined to reproduce of aposporous apomixis and was crossed, as pollen donor, onto a sexual autotetraploid plant of P. plicatulum Michx. The meiotic chromosome pairing behaviour of both parents and their hybrids was primarily as bivalents and quadrivalents, indicating that tetraploid P. chaseanum is likely to have an autoploid origin, and that both species share basically the same genome. Although some controversies exist regarding the subgeneric taxonomic classification of P. chaseanum, these results support its inclusion in the informal Plicatula group of Paspalum. The P. plicatulum × P. chaseanum hybrids segregated for apomixis. The amount of seed set in some hybrids (up to 17%) and the presence of sexual as well as facultative apomictic individuals in the progeny suggest that gene transfer through hybridisation is a feasible tool in genetic-improvement programs concerning these forage grass species.
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