Seedling growth, leaf water status and signature of stable carbon isotopes in C3 perennials exposed to natural phytochemicals
M. Iftikhar Hussain A B and Manuel J. Reigosa A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310-Vigo, Spain.
B Corresponding author. Email: mih76@uvigo.es
Australian Journal of Botany 60(8) 676-684 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT12072
Submitted: 16 June 2012 Accepted: 2 October 2012 Published: 7 November 2012
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the seedling growth, water status and signature of stable carbon isotopes in C3 perennial species exposed to natural phytochemicals. Three perennial species, cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), were grown for 30 days in perlite, watered with Hoagland solution and exposed to the phytochemicals benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) and cinnamic acid (CA) at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM concentrations. BOA markedly decreased the leaf and root fresh weights of D. glomerata and L. perenne in a concentration-dependent manner. The leaf fresh weight (LFW) of plants treated with CA (1.5 mM) was similarly affected by showing a decrease of LFW, being the lowest in L. perenne (56%) followed by D. glomerata (46%). The relative water contents of L. perenne, D. glomerata and R. acetosa were decreased while maximum RWC reduction was observed in L. perenne. Carbon isotope discrimination in L. perenne, D. glomerata and R. acetosa were reduced following treatment with BOA and CA at 1.5 mM. BOA at 1.5 mM decreased the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration relative to control in L. perenne, D. glomerata and R. acetosa. There was an increase in water-use efficiency in L. perenne, D. glomerata and R. acetosa after treatment with BOA and CA. The dry weight of plants treated with CA (1.5 mM) showed different patterns of variation, being lowest in L. perenne (33%) followed by D. glomerata (3%) and R. acetosa (2%). Phytotoxicity was higher for the perennial grass than for the perennial broadleaf. These results clearly demonstrate a widespread occurrence of phytotoxicity among the three species, their tolerance and relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and intrinsic water-use efficiency.
Additional keywords: benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one, cinammic acid, intrinsic water use efficiency, leaf–water relationship.
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