Anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemical profile of leaf and stem bark of Bathysa cuspidata (Rubiaceae)
Victor Peçanha de Miranda Coelho A , João Paulo Viana Leite B , Líria Granato Nunes B and Marília Contin Ventrella A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
B Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
C Corresponding author. Email: ventrella@ufv.br
Australian Journal of Botany 60(1) 49-60 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT11315
Submitted: 13 December 2011 Accepted: 15 December 2011 Published: 28 February 2012
Abstract
Bathysa cuspidata (A. St. Hil.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. is a species native to the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil, with stem bark currently used in folk medicine. Uncontrolled bark collections cause problems of environmental sustainability, making it necessary to evaluate more abundant and renewable new sources of raw plant material, such as leaves. This work evaluated the anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry of leaves and stem bark of B. cuspidata, aiming to find similarities in the chemical composition between these plant parts and to provide anatomical data to supplement the quality control of this plant drug. Common light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used in the anatomical and histochemical studies. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the phytochemistry analysis. The concentration of total phenolics was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteau method and the contents of proanthocyanidins using the vanillin reagent. The leaves and bark of B. cuspidata display morphoanatomical characters common to the family Rubiaceae. The histochemical and phytochemical results reveal similarities and differences between the leaves and bark of B. cuspidata, suggesting that the extracts of both parts should be considered and subjected to pharmacological studies in order to investigate the effectiveness of the therapeutic actions reported in folk medicine.
References
Accorsi WR (1947) Ocorrência das células anexas dos estômatos na família Rubiaceae. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz 4, 421–436.Alves RMS, Stehmann JR, Isaías RMS, Brandão MGL (2004) Caracterização botânica e química de Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. (Rubiaceae). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 14, 49–56.
| Caracterização botânica e química de Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. (Rubiaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Angyalossy-Alfonso V, Richter HG (1991) Wood and bark anatomy of Buchenavia Eichl. (Combretaceae). IAWA Bulletin 12, 123–141.
Assis MC, Giulietti AM (1999) Diferenciação morfológica e anatômica em populações de ‘ipecacuanha’ – Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae). Revista Brasileira de Botânica 22, 205–216.
Awang DVC (1997) Quality control and good manufacturing practices: safety and efficacy of commercial herbals. Food and Drug Law Journal 52, 341–344.
Biavatti MW, Marensi V, Leite SN, Reis A (2007) Ethnopharmacognostic survey on botanical compendia for potential cosmeceutic species from Atlantic Forest. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 17, 640–653.
| Ethnopharmacognostic survey on botanical compendia for potential cosmeceutic species from Atlantic Forest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bighetti AE, Antônio MA, Kohn LK, Rehder VLG, Foglio MA, Possenti A, Vilela L, Carvalho JE (2005) Antiulcerogenic activity of a crude hydroalcoholic extract and coumarin isolated from Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. Phytomedicine 12, 72–77.
| Antiulcerogenic activity of a crude hydroalcoholic extract and coumarin isolated from Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisVSltLw%3D&md5=32354ad6fb5ba0ce007272ea49e5452fCAS |
Botsaris AS (2007) Plants used traditionally to treat malaria in Brazil: the archives of Flora Medicinal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3, 18
| Plants used traditionally to treat malaria in Brazil: the archives of Flora Medicinal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Brundrett MC, Kendrick B, Peterson CA (1991) Efficient lipid staining in plant material with Sudan Red 7B or Fluoral Yellow 088 in polyethylene glycol-glycerol. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 66, 111–116.
| Efficient lipid staining in plant material with Sudan Red 7B or Fluoral Yellow 088 in polyethylene glycol-glycerol.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3MzmtlCktg%3D%3D&md5=e7a073185a5f27b01a06d7106ac224bdCAS |
Cain AJ (1947) The use of Nile Blue in the examination of lipoids. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 88, 383–392.
Charrière-Ladriex Y (1976) Repartition intracellulaire du sécrétat flavonique de Populus nigra L. Planta 129, 167–174.
| Repartition intracellulaire du sécrétat flavonique de Populus nigra L.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clark G (1973) ‘Staining procedures.’ 3rd edn. (The Williams & Wilkins Co.: Baltimore)
Coelho VPM, Agra MF, Barbosa MRV (2006) Estudo farmacobotânico das folhas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum. (Rubiaceae). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 16, 170–177.
| Estudo farmacobotânico das folhas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum. (Rubiaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Da Cunha M, Vieira RC (1993/97) Anatomia foliar de Psychotria velloziana Benth. (Rubiaceae). Rodriguésia 45/49, 39–50.
David R, Carde JP (1964) Coloration différentielle dês inclusions lipidique et terpeniques dês pseudophylles du Pin maritime au moyen du reactif Nadi. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires dês Séances de l’ Academie dês Sciences Paris. Série D 258, 1338–1340.
Delprete PG (2010) Bathysa (Rubiaceae). In ‘Flora dos Estados de Goiás e Tocantins. Vol. 40’. (Ed. JA Rizzo) pp. 114–119. (Universidade Federal de Goiás: Goiânia, Brazil)
De Melo JG, Do Nascimento VT, De Amorim ELC, De Andrade LIMACS, De Albuquerque UP (2004) Avaliação da qualidade de amostras comerciais de boldo (Peumus boldus Molina), pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia spp.) e ginco (Ginkgo biloba L.). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 14, 111–120.
| Avaliação da qualidade de amostras comerciais de boldo (Peumus boldus Molina), pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia spp.) e ginco (Ginkgo biloba L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Evert RF (2006) ‘Esau’s plant anatomy: meristems, cells, and tissues of the plant body: their structure, function, and development.’ 3rd edn. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New Jersey)
Furr M, Mahlberg PG (1981) Histochemical analyses of lacticifers and glandular trichomes in Cannabis sativa. Journal of Natural Products 44, 153–159.
| Histochemical analyses of lacticifers and glandular trichomes in Cannabis sativa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gabe M (1968) ‘Techniques histologiques.’ (Masson et Cie: Paris)
Gattuso M, Di Sapio O, Gattuso S, Li Pereyra E (2004) Morphoanatomical studies of Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis bark and leaves. Phytomedicine 11, 213–223.
| Morphoanatomical studies of Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis bark and leaves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c7nsF2quw%3D%3D&md5=d00936de873d86417b0df9af55fa4234CAS |
Gomes DMS, Mantovani A, Vieira RC (1995) Anatomia foliar de Psychotria tenuinervis Muell. Arg. e Psychotria stenocalix Muell. Arg. (Rubiaceae). Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia 38, 15–33.
Gomes DMS, Arruda RCO, Gomes M, Vieira RC (2000) Anatomia foliar de Bathysa gymnocarpa K. Schum., B. mendonçaei K. Schum., B. cuspidata (St. Hil.) Hook. f. e B. australis (St. Hil.) Hook. F (Rubiaceae) da Mata Atlântica, RJ, Brasil. Leandra 15, 59–72.
Hickey LJ (1979) A revised classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. In ‘Anatomy of dicotyledons: systematic anatomy of leaf and stem, with brief history of the subject. Vol. 1’. (Eds CR Metcalfe, L Chalk) pp. 25–39. (Clarendon Press: Oxford)
IAWA Committee (1989) IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. (Eds EA Wheeler, P Baas, P Gasson) IAWA Bulletin 10, 219–332.
Jensen WA (1962) ‘Botanical histochemistry: principles and practice.’ (WH Freeman & Co: San Francisco)
Johansen DA (1940) ‘Plant microtechnique.’ (McGraw-Hill Books: New York)
Jorge-Neto J, Fracasso JF, Camargo-Neves MCL, Santos LE, Banuth VL (1996) Tratamento de úlcera varicosa e lesões de pele com Calendula officinalis L. e/ou com Stryphnodendron barbadetiman (Vellozo) Martius. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas 17, 181–186.
Kirk PW (1970) Neutral red as a lipid fluorochrome. Stain Technology 45, 1–4.
Kocsis M, Darók J, Borhidi A (2004) Comparative leaf anatomy and morphology of some neotropical Rondeletia (Rubiaceae) species. Plant Systematics and Evolution 248, 205–218.
| Comparative leaf anatomy and morphology of some neotropical Rondeletia (Rubiaceae) species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kolalite MR, Oskolski AA, Richter HG, Schmitt U (2003) Bark anatomy and intercellular canals in the stem of Delarbrea paradoxa (Araliaceae). IAWA Journal 24, 139–154.
Leite JPV, Fernandes JM, Fávaro LB, Gontijo DC, Marotta CPB, Siqueira LC, Maia RT, Garcia FCP (2008) Plantas medicinais do entorno do Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro. MG BIOTA 1, 16–34.
Lopes GC, Sanches ACC, Nakamura CV, Dias-Filho BP, Hernandes L, De Mello JCP (2005) Influence of extracts of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. and Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. on the cicatrisation of cutaneous wounds in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 99, 265–272.
| Influence of extracts of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. and Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. on the cicatrisation of cutaneous wounds in rats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkt1Oiur8%3D&md5=aa2c49ea1103a76bfacad246bdd4d68fCAS |
Mace ME, Howell CR (1974) Histochemistry and identification of condensed tannin precursor in roots of cotton seedlings. Canadian Journal of Botany 52, 2423–2426.
| Histochemistry and identification of condensed tannin precursor in roots of cotton seedlings.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXhtVyrt7Y%3D&md5=02e28d3d72d49932102d67ef3b3c1ebaCAS |
Machado SR, Marcati CR, Morretes BL, Angyalossy V (2005) Comparative bark anatomy of root and stem in Styrax camporum (Styracaceae). IAWA Journal 26, 477–487.
Maia V (1979) ‘Técnica histológica.’ (Atheneu: São Paulo, Brazil)
Metcalfe CR, Chalk L (1950) ‘Anatomy of the dicotyledons. Leaves, stem, and wood in relation to taxonomy with notes on economic uses. Vol. 2.’ 1st edn. (Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK)
Moreira RCT, Costa LCB, Costa RCS, Rocha EA (2002) Abordagem Etnobotânica acerca do Uso de Plantas Medicinais na Vila Cachoeira, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil. Acta Farmacêutica Bonaerense 21, 205–211.
Nascimento MVD, Gomes DMS, Vieira RC (1996) Anatomia foliar de Bathysa stipulata (Vell.) Presl. (Rubiaceae). Unimar 18, 387–401.
Nunes ECM, Mariath JEA, Oliveira PL (1994) Morfologia e anatomia da folha de espécies da secção III (sensu Ehrendorfer) do gênero Relbunium (Rubieae-Rubiaceae). Iheringia Série Botânica 44, 113–149.
O’Brien TP, Feder N, McCully ME (1964) Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O. Protoplasma 59, 368–373.
| Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF2MXmtVOmsw%3D%3D&md5=28fe26e8aaabb3e67b4de87e0932d5bcCAS |
Oliveira MG, Gomes DMS, Moura MVLP (2003) Anatomia e micromorfologia foliar de Melanopsidium nigrum Colla. Floresta e Ambiente 10, 87–94.
Panizza S, Rocha AB, Gecchi R, Silva RAPS (1988) Stryphnodendron barbatiman (Vellozo) Martius: teor em tanino na casca e sua propriedade cicatrizante. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas 10, 101–104.
Pereira ZV, Meira RMSA, Azevedo AA (2003) Morfoanatomia foliar de Palicourea longepedunculata Gardiner (Rubiaceae). Revista Árvore 27, 759–767.
Price ML, Hagerman AE, Butler LG (1980) Tannin content of cowpeas, chickpeas, pigeon peas and mung beans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 28, 459–461.
| Tannin content of cowpeas, chickpeas, pigeon peas and mung beans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXht1Oisbw%3D&md5=2e350e51b8535d66a0ddf2abd37c8b50CAS |
Rabin KP, Jabbar A, Rashid MA (2000) Antiulcer activity of Mikania cordata. Fitoterapia 71, 701–703.
| Antiulcer activity of Mikania cordata.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Robbrecht E, Manen JF (2006) The major evolutionary lineages of the coffee family (Rubiaceae, angiosperms). Combined analysis (nDNA and cpDNA) to infer the position de Coptosapelta and Luculia, and supertree construction based on rbcL, rps16, trnL-trnF and atpB-rbcL data. A new classification in two subfamilies, Cinchonoideae and Rubioideae. Systematics and Geography of Plants 76, 85–146.
Salatino A, Montenegro G, Salatino MLF (1986) Microscopia eletrônica de varredura de superfícies foliares de espécies lenhosas do cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 9, 117–124.
Santos-Oliveira R, Coulaud-Cunha S, Colaço W (2009) Revisão da Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, Celastraceae: contribuição ao estudo das propriedades farmacológicas. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 19, 650–659.
| Revisão da Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, Celastraceae: contribuição ao estudo das propriedades farmacológicas.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Solereder H (1908) ‘Systematic anatomy of the Dicotyledons: a handbook for laboratories of pure and applied botany. Vol. 2.’ (Clarendon Press: Oxford)
Souza-Brito ARM, Cota RHS, Nunes DS (1997) Gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Dalbergia monetaria L. in rats. Phytotherapy Research 11, 314–316.
| Gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Dalbergia monetaria L. in rats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tavares ES, Vieira RC (1994) Anatomia foliar de Cossarea meridionalis (Vlell.) Muell. Arg. e Coussarea graciliflora Benth. & Hook (Rubiaceae). Bradea 6, 320–330.
Taylor JLS, Rabe T, McGaw LJ, Jäger AK, van Staden J (2001) Towards the scientific validation of traditional medicinal plants. Plant Growth Regulation 34, 23–37.
| Towards the scientific validation of traditional medicinal plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovVyrs7s%3D&md5=6348f3fd47c621da7edf1104579e1832CAS |
Vanderlinde FA, Germano Filho P, Alegrio LV, Rocha FF, Lorenzo MA, Sousa RH, Silveira JWS, Marinho-Júnior A, Matos LG, Costa EA (2001) Mecanismo antiinflamatório envolvido na atividade antinociceptiva do extrato etanólico e da fração diclorometânica das folhas da Bathysa cuspidata (Saint-Hilaire) Hooker. Revista de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 2, 89–100.
Verza SG, Kreinecker MT, Reis V, Henriques AT, Ortega GG (2007) Avaliação das variáveis analíticas do método de Folin-Ciocalteu para determinação do teor de taninos totais utilizando como modelo o extrato aquoso de folhas de Psidium guajava L. Quimica Nova 30, 815–820.
| Avaliação das variáveis analíticas do método de Folin-Ciocalteu para determinação do teor de taninos totais utilizando como modelo o extrato aquoso de folhas de Psidium guajava L.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXosVWjsL0%3D&md5=7a8ce92b7a26e369e6dacb34cc8400b6CAS |
Vidal BC (1970) Dichroism in collagen bundles stained with Xylidine Ponceau 2R. Annales d’Histochimie 15, 289–296.
Vieira RC (1986) Diodia radula (Willd. Et Hoffm.) Cham. Et Schlecht. (Rubiaceae) anatomia foliar. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 46, 667–674.
Vieira RC (1986/88) Tocoyena bullata (Vell.) Mart. (Rubiaceae) anatomia foliar. Rodriguésia 64/66, 33–39.
Vieira RC, Gomes DMS, Ferraz CLA (1992) Anatomia foliar de Psychotria nuda Wawra e Psychotria leiocarpa Mart. (Rubiaceae). Hoehnea 19, 185–195.
Wagner H, Bland S, Zgainski EM (1984) ‘Plant drug analysis.’ (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
Weeks RA, Dobberstein RH, Farnsworth NR (1978) Isolation of Paeonol from Bathysa meridionalis, Lloydia. Journal of Natural Products 40, 515–516.
Zschocke S, Rabe T, Taylor JLS, Jäger AK, van Staden J (2000) Plant part substitution – a way to conserve endangered medicinal plants? Journal of Ethnopharmacology 71, 281–292.
| Plant part substitution – a way to conserve endangered medicinal plants?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvjvVOrtQ%3D%3D&md5=d955ae82c21fc4e53afaecfb7a8058deCAS |
