New insights into the polyploid complex Cenchrus ciliaris L. (Poaceae) show its capacity for gene flow and recombination processes despite its apomictic nature
Amina Kharrat-Souissi A E , Alex Baumel B , Franck Torre B , Marianick Juin B , Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev C , Anne Roig D and Mohamed Chaieb A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Biologie et d’Ecophysiologie des végétaux en milieu aride, Université de Sfax, Tunisie.
B Institut Méditerranéen d’Ecologie et de Paléoécologie, UMR-CNRS/IRD 6116 IMEP – Bâtiment Villemin, Europole de l’Arbois – BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France.
C Université Paris-Sud UMR 8079, Département de Biodiversité Systématique & Évolution, Bâtiment 36091405 Orsay Cedex, France.
D Centre INRA PACA, Domaine de Saint Paul URFM, Unité Écologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France.
E Corresponding author. Email: kharratsouissi@yahoo.fr
Australian Journal of Botany 59(6) 543-553 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT10312
Submitted: 24 November 2010 Accepted: 29 August 2011 Published: 5 October 2011
Abstract
Cenchrus ciliaris L. is a C4 perennial grass of arid lands which is under the focus of different ecological issues such as response to desertification, quality of forage grass and impacts of invasions. Here, molecular and morphological analyses of the genetic diversity of several Tunisian provenances of C. ciliaris were performed to better understand the phenotypic polymorphism of this agamospermous and polyploid grass. Ten phenotypic traits associated with productivity were measured in a common garden environment. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers were developed to investigate the structure of genetic diversity among and within provenances and between the three ploidy levels. Heritable phenotypic traits showed considerable differences within provenances. Surprisingly, AFLP markers revealed the existence of genotypic variations between individuals of the same sibship and a high G/N value (0.55). A neighbour-joining tree based on AFLP markers revealed three major groups; tetraploid, pentaploid and a mix of pentaploid and hexaploids. These groups do not correspond completely to the geographical origin of samples. The results underline the possibility of sexual reproduction, recombination and gene flow within and between populations of C. ciliaris. In respect with the well known dynamic nature of polyploid genomes, these results should have strong consequences for the future management of this grass for both conservation and invasion issues.
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