Extent of clonality, genetic diversity and decline in the endangered mallee Eucalyptus imlayensis
Elizabeth A. James A C and Keith L. McDougall BA Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Private Bag 2000, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Vic. 3141, Australia.
B Department of Environment and Conservation, PO Box 2115, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia.
Email: keith.mcdougall@environment.nsw.gov.au
C Corresponding author. Email: elizabeth.james@rbg.vic.gov.au
Australian Journal of Botany 55(5) 548-553 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT06168
Submitted: 11 August 2006 Accepted: 8 February 2007 Published: 17 August 2007
Abstract
Eucalyptus imlayensis Crisp & Brooker is a rare mallee known from one location in south-eastern Australia. Discovered in 1977, the population has declined in number and health of stems since 1998. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess genetic variation and clonality. Only five multilocus genotypes were distinguished from 27 samples and the proximity of like genotypes within the population is consistent with the population being largely clonal. This means that the species has a much lower number of genetic individuals than is suggested from a census of the number of stems present. The implications of this finding for ex situ conservation of the species are discussed.
Acknowledgements
Thanks go to Steve Clark, Mike Saxon, Sharon Davey, and Gavan, Davis and Arlie McCarthy for their help in the field. Frank Udovicic provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript.
Bartolome M,
Walsh NG,
James EA, Ladiges PY
(2002) A new, rare species of Acacia from north-eastern Victoria. Australian Systematic Botany 15, 465–475.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Caddy HAR, Gross CL
(2006) Population structure and fecundity in the putative sterile shrub, Grevillea rhizomatosa Olde and Marriott (Proteaceae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 127, 11–18.
Coates DJ
(1988) Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in the rare Chittering grass wattle, Acacia anomala Court. Australian Journal of Botany 36, 273–286.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cook RE
(1983) Clonal plant populations. American Scientist 71, 244–253.
Dorken ME, Eckert CG
(2001) Severely reduced sexual reproduction in northern populations of a clonal plant Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae). Journal of Ecology 89, 339–350.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eckert CG
(1999) Clonal plant research: proliferation, integreation but not much evolution. American Journal of Botany 86, 1649–1654.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eckert CG, Barrett SCH
(1993) Clonal reproduction and patterns of genotypic diversity in, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae). American Journal of Botany 80, 1175–1182.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eckert CG,
Dorken ME, Mitchell SA
(1999) Loss of sex in clonal populations of a flowering plant, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae). Evolution 53, 1079–1092.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ellstrand NC, Roose ML
(1987) Patterns of genotypic diversity in clonal plant species. American Journal of Botany 74, 123–131.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eriksson O
(1989) Seedling dynamics and life histories in clonal plants. Oikos 55, 231–238.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eriksson O
(1993) Dynamics of genets in clonal plants. Trends in Eclogy and Evolution 8, 313–316.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Honnay O, Bossuyt B
(2005) Prolonged clonal growth: escape route or route to extinction? Oikos 108, 427–432.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kennington WJ,
Waycott M, James SH
(1996) DNA fingerprinting supports notions of clonality in a rare mallee, Eucalyptus argutifolia. Molecular Ecology 5, 693–696.
Kleijn D, Steinger T
(2002) Contrasting effects of grazing and hay cutting on the spatial and genetic population structure of Veratrum album, an unpalatable, long-lived, clonal plant species. Journal of Ecology 90, 360–370.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pandit MK, Babu CR
(2003) The effects of loss of sex in clonal populations of an endangered perennial Coptis teeta (Ranunculaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 143, 47–54.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Parks JC, Werth CR
(1993) A study of spatial features of clones in a population of bracken fern, Pteridium esculentum (Dennstaediaceae). American Journal of Botany 80, 537–544.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rossetto M,
Lucarotti F,
Hopper SD, Dixon KD
(1997) DNA fingerprinting of Eucalyptus graniticola: a critically endangered relict species or a rare hybrid? Heredity 79, 310–318.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rossetto M,
Jezierski G,
Hopper SD, Dixon KD
(1999) Conservation genetics and clonality in two critically endangered eucalypts from the highly endemic south-western Australian flora. Biological Conservation 88, 321–331.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rossetto M,
Gross CL,
Jones R, Hunter J
(2004) The impact of clonality on an endangered tree (Elaeocarpus williamsianus) in a fragmented rainforest. Biological Conservation 117, 33–39.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sydes MA, Peakall R
(1998) Extensive clonality in the endangered shrub Halagorodendron lucasii (Halagoraceae) revealed by allozymes and RAPDs. Molecular Ecology 7, 87–93.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Van der Nest MA,
Steenkamp ET,
Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ
(2000) Development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in Eucalyptus from amplified inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Plant Breeding 119, 433–436.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Warburton CL,
James EA,
Fripp YJ,
Trueman SJ, Wallace HM
(2000) Clonality and sexual reproductive failure in remnant populations of Santalum lanceolatum (Santalaceae). Biological Conservation 96, 45–54.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Widén B,
Cronberg N, Widén M
(1994) Genotypic diversity, molecular markers and spatial distribution of genets in clonal plants, a literature survey. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 29, 245–263.
Wolfe AD,
Xiang Q-Y, Kephart SR
(1998) Assessing hybridization in natural populations of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) using hypervariable intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) bands. Molecular Ecology 7, 1107–1125.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Zietkiewicz E,
Rafalski JA, Labuda D
(1994) Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeats (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics 20, 176–183.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |