Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > AN > EA06096 > Fulltext
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 48(3)

Risk management for mycotoxin contamination of Australian maize

L. K. Bricknell A B D , B. J. Blaney C and J. Ng A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A EnTox – National Research Centre for Environmental Toxology, the University of Queensland,39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia.

B Present address: Faculty of Sciences, Engineering & Health, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, North Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia.

C Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka, Qld 4105, Australia.

D Corresponding author. Email: l.bricknell@cqu.edu.au

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48(3) 342-350 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA06096
Submitted: 15 March 2006  Accepted: 13 March 2007   Published: 4 February 2008

Abstract

Recent incidents of mycotoxin contamination (particularly aflatoxins and fumonisins) have demonstrated a need for an industry-wide management system to ensure Australian maize meets the requirements of all domestic users and export markets. Results of recent surveys are presented, demonstrating overall good conformity with nationally accepted industry marketing standards but with occasional samples exceeding these levels. This paper describes mycotoxin-related hazards inherent in the Australian maize production system and a methodology combining good agricultural practices and the hazard analysis critical control point framework to manage risk.


Acknowledgements

We thank Stephen Were, Warwick Turner, Dennis Webber, Kerrin Morrissy and Madeleine Modina; the project team and steering group – Wayne Bryden, Lester Burgess, Yash Chauhan, Glen Fox, Neil Gannon, Matthew George, John Kopinski, David Lobwein, Ian Martin, Nick Maynard, Rod McNab, Sally-ann Murray, RCN Rachaputi, Robin Reid, Malcolm Ryley, Graeme Smith, Brett Summerell, Mike Taverner, Andrew Watson, Stephen Wilson, Stephen Were, Graeme Wright and Teresa Miklaszewicz. Thanks must also go to the growers, agents, seed companies and millers who provided samples for analysis. The Grains Research and Development Agency provided financial support.


References


Abbas HK, Williams WP, Windham GL, Pringle HC, Xie W, Shier WT (2002) Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of commercial corn (Zea mays) hybrids in Mississippi. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 5246–5254.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | [Verified 26 November 2007]

Connole MD, Blaney BJ, McEwan T (1981) Mycotoxins in animal feeds and toxic fungi in Queensland 1971–80. Australian Veterinary Journal 57, 314–318.
|  CAS | PubMed |
[Verified 26 November 2007]

DPI&F (2005a) Grain storage – basic design principles. Available at http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/fieldcrops/15052.html [Verified 26 November 2007]

DPI&F (2005b) Grain storage – insect control in stored grain. Available at http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/fieldcrops/3448.htm [Verified 26 November 2007]

FAO (2001) ‘Manual on the application of the HACCP system in mycotoxin prevention and control.’ (FAO/IAEA Training and Reference Centre for Food and Pesticide Control: Rome)

Gelderblom WCA, Jaskiewicz K, Marasas WFO, Thiel PG, Horak RM, Vleggaar R, Kreik NPJ (1988) Fumonisins: novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, 1806–1811.
|  CAS | PubMed |
[Verified 26 November 2007]

IARC (2002) Fumonisin B1 IARC summary and evaluation. Vol. 82, 2002, IPCS INCHEM. Available at http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol82/82-05.html [Verified 26 November 2007]

Jackson L, Jablonski J (2004) Fumonisins. In ‘Mycotoxins in food: detection and control’. (Eds N Magan, M Olsen) pp. 367–405. (Woodhead Publishing Ltd: Cambridge)

Johansson AS, Whitaker TB, Hagler WM, Bowman DT, Slate AB, Payne G (2006) Predicting aflatoxin and fumonisin in shelled corn lots using poor-quality grade components. Journal of AOAC International 89, 433–440.
|  CAS | PubMed |
open url image1

Kaaya AN, Warren HL, Kyamanywa S, Kyamuhangire W (2005) The effect of delayed harvest on moisture content, insect damage, moulds and aflatoxin contamination of maize in Mayuge district of Uganda. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, 2595–2599.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | open url image1

Munkvold G (2003) Cultural and genetic approaches to managing mycotoxins in maize. Annual Review of Phytopathology 41, 99–116.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | open url image1

Munkvold G, Desjardins A (1997) Fumonisins in maize: can we reduce their occurrence? Plant Disease 81, 556–565.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | open url image1

Munkvold G, Muntzen S (2004) Mycotoxins in corn grain and effect of Bt hybrids. Crop Insights 14(8), 1–5. open url image1

Murray D, Miles M (2003) Insect pest management in maize. In ‘Versatile maize – golden opportunities, 5th Australian maize conference, Toowoomba, Australia’. (Eds C Birch, S Wilson) pp. 94–97. (Maize Association of Australia: Darling Point, NSW)

Pitt JI, Tomaska L (2001) Are mycotoxins a health hazard in Australia? 1. Aflatoxins and Fusarium toxins. Food Australia 53, 535–539. open url image1

Pitt JI, Tomaska L (2002) Are mycotoxins a health hazard in Australia? 2. Ochratoxin A. Food Australia 54, 39–43. open url image1

Robertson M, Cawthray S, Birch C, Bidstrup R, Crawford M, Dalgleish N, Hammer G (2003) Managing the risks of growing dryland maize in the northern region. In ‘Versatile maize – golden opportunities, 5th Australian maize conference, Toowoomba, Australia’. (Eds C Birch, S Wilson) pp. 112–119. (Maize Association of Australia: Darling Point, NSW)

Sanchis V, Magan N (2004) Environmental conditions affecting mycotoxins. In ‘Mycotoxins in food: detection and control’. (Eds N Magan, M Olsen) pp. 174–189. (Woodhead Publishing Limited: Cambridge)

Shapira R (2004) Control of mycotoxins in storage and techniques for their decontamination. In ‘Mycotoxins in food: detection and control’. (Eds N Magan, M Olsen) pp. 190–223. (Woodhead Publishing Ltd: Cambridge)

Shephard GS (1998) Chromatographic determination of the fumonisin mycotoxins. Journal of Chromatography. A. 815, 31–39.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | open url image1

Southwell R, Moore K, Manning W, Hayman P (2003) An outbreak of Fusarium head blight of durum wheat on the Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wales in 1999. Australasian Plant Pathology 32, 465–471.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Trenk HL, Hartman PA (1970) Effects of moisture content and temperature in mycotoxin production in corn. Applied Microbiology 19, 781–784.
|  CAS | PubMed |
open url image1

Whitlow LW, Hagler WM (2003) Mycotoxins in feeds. Feedstuffs 75, 70–81. open url image1

Williams WP, Windham GL, Buckley PM, Perkins JM (2005) Southwestern corn borer damage and aflatoxin accumulation in conventional and transgenic corn hybrids. Field Crops Research 91, 329–336.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1