Nutrients digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and rumen and blood parameters in sheep feeding grape pomace treated with Neurospora sitophila
Mohammad Hasanzadeh A , Omid Dayani
A * , Reza Tahmasbi A , Amin Khezri A and Poorya Dadvar B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111 Iran.
B Department of Animal Science, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, 6931773835 Iran.
Animal Production Science 63(6) 570-578 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN22255
Submitted: 29 June 2022 Accepted: 3 November 2022 Published: 28 November 2022
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Agricultural by-products such as grape pomace (GP), could form an important component of ruminant diets.
Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of treating GP with Neurospora sitophila on chemical composition, digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen, and blood parameters.
Methods: Twenty-four adult Kermani rams were allocated to one of three treatments arranged as a completely randomised design for a 26-day period. The first 21 days were for adaptation, and the last 5 days were for sample collection. The animals were placed in individual cages equipped with a urine–faeces separator. They were fed with (1) a basal diet without GP (control), (2) a basal diet with 20% of untreated grape pomace (UGP), and (3) a basal diet with 20% of N. sitophila-treated grape pomace (TGP).
Key results: Treating GP increased the percentages of crude protein (CP), lignin and rumen-degradable protein (RDP; P < 0.01), but decreased rumen-undegradable protein (RUP; P < 0.05) and total phenols and tannins (P < 0.01). Nutrient digestibility in the TGP- and UGP-supplemented groups was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The mean excretion of allantoin (P < 0.05), xanthine plus hypoxanthine (P < 0.01), total purine derivatives (P < 0.05), and microbial protein synthesis (P < 0.05) were lower in the sheep fed UGP than in the control group. The acetate (P < 0.01), propionate and total volatile fatty acids (P < 0.05) in rumen fluid were the highest in the control group. The UGP-supplemented group had a higher rumen pH and a lower NH3-N concentration than did other groups, 1.5 h after feed intake. Also, blood glucose and urea nitrogen in animals fed UGP were lower than in those in other groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Treating of GP with N. sitophila fungus increases the CP and RDP and reduces the adverse effects of GP on ruminal kinetics.
Implications: The GP that has been exposed and treated with N. sitophila may provide a suitable supplementary feed for ruminants when incorporated into diets at rates of up to 20%.
Keywords: degradable protein, fungus, grape pomace, microbial nitrogen, Neurospora sitophila, phenol, purine derivative, sheep, tannin.
References
Abarghuei MJ, Rouzbehan Y, Alipour D (2010) The influence of the grape pomace on the ruminal parameters of sheep. Livestock Science 132, 73–79.| The influence of the grape pomace on the ruminal parameters of sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alba DF, Campigotto G, Cazarotto CJ, Dos Santos DS, Gebert RR, Reis JH, Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Gindri AL, Kempka AP, Palmer EA, Vedovatto M, Da Silva AS (2019) Use of grape residue flour in lactating dairy sheep in heat stress: effects on health, milk production and quality. Journal of Thermal Biology 82, 197–205.
| Use of grape residue flour in lactating dairy sheep in heat stress: effects on health, milk production and quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alipour D, Rouzbehan Y (2007) Effects of ensiling grape pomace and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production and microbial biomass yield. Animal Feed Science and Technology 137, 138–149.
| Effects of ensiling grape pomace and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production and microbial biomass yield.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Anantasook N, Wanapat M, Cherdthong A (2014) Manipulation of ruminal fermentation and methane production by supplementation of rain tree pod meal containing tannins and saponins in growing dairy steers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 98, 50–55.
| Manipulation of ruminal fermentation and methane production by supplementation of rain tree pod meal containing tannins and saponins in growing dairy steers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (2012) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ 19th edn. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC): Arlington, VA, USA)
Bahrami Y, Foroozandeh A-D, Zamani F, Modarresi M, Eghbal-Saeid S, Chekani-Azar S (2010) Effect of diet with varying levels of dried grape pomace on dry matter digestibility and growth performance of male lambs. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 6, 605–610.
Baumgärtel T, Kluth H, Epperlein K, Rodehutscord M (2007) A note on digestibility and energy value for sheep of different grape pomace. Small Ruminant Research 67, 302–306.
| A note on digestibility and energy value for sheep of different grape pomace.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Besharati M, Taghizadeh A (2009) Evaluation of dried grape by-product as a tanniniferous tropical feedstuff. Animal Feed Science and Technology 152, 198–203.
| Evaluation of dried grape by-product as a tanniniferous tropical feedstuff.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Brenes A, Viveros A, Chamorro S, Arija I (2016) Use of polyphenol-rich grape by-products in monogastric nutrition. a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 211, 1–17.
| Use of polyphenol-rich grape by-products in monogastric nutrition. a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Broderick GA, Kang JH (1980) Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 64–75.
| Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chen XB, Gomes MJ (1995) Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives – an overview of the technical details. Occasional Publication (Rowette Research Institute: Aberdeen, UK)
Chikwanha OC, Muchenje V, Nolte JE, Dugan MER, Mapiye C (2019) Grape pomace (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinotage) supplementation in lamb diets: effects on growth performance, carcass and meat quality. Meat Science 147, 6–12.
| Grape pomace (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinotage) supplementation in lamb diets: effects on growth performance, carcass and meat quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chikwanha OC, Raffrenato E, Muchenje V, Musarurwa HT, Mapiye C (2018) Varietal differences in nutrient, amino acid and mineral composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace from the Cape Winelands vineyards in South Africa and impact of preservation techniques. Industrial Crops and Products 118, 30–37.
| Varietal differences in nutrient, amino acid and mineral composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace from the Cape Winelands vineyards in South Africa and impact of preservation techniques.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dadvar P, Dayani O, Mehdipour M, Morovat M (2015) Determination of physical characteristics, chemical composition and digestion coefficients of treated lemon pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in goat diet. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 99, 107–113.
| Determination of physical characteristics, chemical composition and digestion coefficients of treated lemon pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in goat diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dashti-Saridregh M, Rouzbehan Y, Shojaosadati SA (2010) Effect of Neurospora sitophila on chemical composition, digestibility and degradability of sugar beet pulp. Iranian Journal of Animal Science 40, 1–12.
Dayani O, Ghiasi A, Tahmasbi R (2014) Chemical composition, physical characteristics, digestibility and degradability of grape pomace processed with Neurospora sitophila. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 4, 733–739.
Foiklang S, Wanapat M, Norrapoke T (2016) Effect of grape pomace powder, mangosteen peel powder and monensin on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy steers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 29, 1416–1423.
| Effect of grape pomace powder, mangosteen peel powder and monensin on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis in dairy steers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Balcells J, Guada JA, Vicente F (2003) Purine derivative excretion in dairy cows: endogenous excretion and the effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1282–1291.
| Purine derivative excretion in dairy cows: endogenous excretion and the effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guerra-Rivas C, Gallardo B, Mantecón ÁR, del Álamo-Sanza M, Manso T (2017) Evaluation of grape pomace from red wine by-product as feed for sheep. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97, 1885–1893.
| Evaluation of grape pomace from red wine by-product as feed for sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Harbertson JF, Kennedy JA, Adams DO (2002) Tannin in skins and seeds of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Pinot noir berries during ripening. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 53, 54–59.
Iranian Council of Animal Care (1995) ‘Guide to the care and use of experimental animals. Vol. 1.’ (Isfahan University of Technology: Isfahan, Iran)
Ishida K, Kishi Y, Oishi K, Hirooka H, Kumagai H (2015) Effects of feeding polyphenol-rich winery wastes on digestibility, nitrogen utilization, ruminal fermentation, antioxidant status and oxidative stress in wethers. Animal Science Journal 86, 260–269.
| Effects of feeding polyphenol-rich winery wastes on digestibility, nitrogen utilization, ruminal fermentation, antioxidant status and oxidative stress in wethers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jankowska E, Chwialkowska J, Stodolny M, Oleskowicz-Popiel P (2015) Effect of pH and retention time on volatile fatty acids production during mixed culture fermentation. Bioresource Technology 190, 274–280.
| Effect of pH and retention time on volatile fatty acids production during mixed culture fermentation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jiang J, Zhang Y, Li K, Wang Q, Gong C, Li M (2013) Volatile fatty acids production from food waste: effects of pH, temperature, and organic loading rate. Bioresource Technology 143, 525–530.
| Volatile fatty acids production from food waste: effects of pH, temperature, and organic loading rate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McSweeney CS, Palmer B, McNeill DM, Krause DO (2001) Microbial interactions with tannins: nutritional consequences for ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 91, 83–93.
| Microbial interactions with tannins: nutritional consequences for ruminants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Moate PJ, Williams SRO, Torok VA, Hannah MC, Ribaux BE, Tavendale MH, Eckard RJ, Jacobs JL, Auldist MJ, Wales WJ (2014) Grape marc reduces methane emissions when fed to dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 5073–5087.
| Grape marc reduces methane emissions when fed to dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Moo-Young M, Chisti Y, Vlach D (1993) Fermentation of cellulosic materials to mycoprotein foods. Biotechnology Advances 11, 469–479.
| Fermentation of cellulosic materials to mycoprotein foods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Moore KJ, Jung H-JG (2001) Lignin and fiber digestion. Journal of Range Management 54, 420–430.
| Lignin and fiber digestion.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
National Research Council (NRC) (2007) ‘Nutrient requirement of small ruminant. Sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids.’ (National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA)
Nazem K, Rouzbehan Y, Shojaosadati SA (2008) The nutritive value of citrus pulp (lemon and orange) treated with Neurospora sitophila. Journal of Science and Technology in Agriculture Research 12, 495–506.
Norrapoke T, Wanapat M, Wanapat S, Foiklang S (2014) Effect of Centella Asiatica powder (CAP) and Mangosteen peel powder (MPP) on rumen fermentation and microbial population in swamp buffaloes. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 24, 435–444.
Nudda A, Correddu F, Marzano A, Battacone G, Nicolussi P, Bonelli P, Pulina G (2015) Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 1157–1166.
| Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rekik M, Lassoued N, Ben Salem H, Mahouachi M (2008) Effects of incorporating wasted dates in the diet on reproductive traits and digestion of prolific D’Man ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 147, 193–205.
| Effects of incorporating wasted dates in the diet on reproductive traits and digestion of prolific D’Man ewes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Santos NW, Santos GTD, Silva-Kazama DC, Grande PA, Pintro PM, de Marchi FE, Jobim CC, Petit HV (2014) Production, composition and antioxidants in milk of dairy cows fed diets containing soybean oil and grape residue silage. Livestock Science 159, 37–45.
| Production, composition and antioxidants in milk of dairy cows fed diets containing soybean oil and grape residue silage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
SAS (2005) ‘SAS procedure guide.’ Version 6.12 edn. (SAS Institute: Cary, NC, USA)
Scerra V, Caridi A, Foti F, Sinatra MC (1999) Influence of dairy Penicillium spp. on nutrient content of citrus fruit peel. Animal Feed Science and Technology 78, 169–176.
| Influence of dairy Penicillium spp. on nutrient content of citrus fruit peel.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shojaosadati SA, Faraidouni R, Madadi-Nouei A, Mohamadpour I (1999) Protein enrichment of lignocellulosic substrates by solid state fermentation using Neurospora sitophila. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 27, 73–87.
| Protein enrichment of lignocellulosic substrates by solid state fermentation using Neurospora sitophila.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Slinkard K, Singleton VL (1977) Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 28, 49–55.
Soltan Y, Abdalla Filho A, Abdalla A, Berenchtein B, Schiavinatto P, Costa C (2021) Replacing maize with low tannin sorghum grains: lamb growth performance, microbial protein synthesis and enteric methane production. Animal Production Science 61, 1348–1355.
| Replacing maize with low tannin sorghum grains: lamb growth performance, microbial protein synthesis and enteric methane production.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Takalloozadeh M, Dayani O, Tahmasbi R (2015) Determination of chemical composition, degradability and digestibility of treated walnut hull by Neurospora sitophila. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 5, 333–338.
Vahabzadeh M, Dayani O, Nasr J (2016) The chemical composition, digestibility and degradability of processed pistachio peel with Neurospora sitophila. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 6, 543–550.
Vaithiyanathan S, Bhatta R, Mishra AS, Prasad R, Verma DL, Singh NP (2007) Effect of feeding graded levels of Prosopis cineraria leaves on rumen ciliate protozoa, nitrogen balance and microbial protein supply in lambs and kids. Animal Feed Science and Technology 133, 177–191.
| Effect of feeding graded levels of Prosopis cineraria leaves on rumen ciliate protozoa, nitrogen balance and microbial protein supply in lambs and kids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.
| Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Waghorn G (2008) Beneficial and detrimental effects of dietary condensed tannins for sustainable sheep and goat production – progress and challenges. Animal Feed Science and Technology 147, 116–139.
| Beneficial and detrimental effects of dietary condensed tannins for sustainable sheep and goat production – progress and challenges.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Waghorn GC, Ulyatt MJ, John A, Fisher MT (1987) The effect of condensed tannins on the site of digestion of amino acids and other nutrients in sheep fed on Lotus corniculatus L. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 115–126.
| The effect of condensed tannins on the site of digestion of amino acids and other nutrients in sheep fed on Lotus corniculatus L.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zalikarenab L, Pirmohammadi R, Teimuriyansari A (2007) Chemical composition and digestibility of dried white and red grape pomace for ruminants. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 6, 1107–1111.
Zhong R, Xiao W, Ren G, Zhou D, Tan C, Tan Z, Han X, Tang S, Zhou C, Wang M (2011) Dietary tea catechin inclusion changes plasma biochemical parameters, hormone concentrations and glutathione redox status in goats. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 24, 1681–1689.
| Dietary tea catechin inclusion changes plasma biochemical parameters, hormone concentrations and glutathione redox status in goats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zou Y (2018) A comparison study of the analysis of volatile organic acids and fatty acids. Application note. (Agilent Technologies, Inc.: Santa Clara, CA, USA)
