Dietary protein reduction improves the energetic and amino acid efficiency in lactating sows
Sai Zhang A and Nathalie L. Trottier A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 South Shaw Lane, 2209 Anthony Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
B Corresponding author. Email: trottier@msu.edu
Animal Production Science 59(11) 1980-1990 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19309
Submitted: 28 May 2019 Accepted: 9 July 2019 Published: 16 September 2019
Abstract
Strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of swine production are essential to contribute to the sustainability of the swine industry. Our work has focussed on the area of dietary crude-protein (CP) reduction with crystalline amino acid (CAA) supplementation to create diets containing a near ‘ideal’ amino acid (AA) balance, and to assess the environmental impact of feeding these diets to lactating sows. Additionally, with an increasing availability of CAA at competitive costs relative to feed-ingredient proteins, precise prediction of requirements of the less traditionally limiting AA such as histidine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and valine are ever more relevant. Prediction of AA requirements using modelling approaches is dependent on accurate estimates of AA efficiency of utilisation for milk-protein production. Aggressive reduction in dietary CP and CAA supplementation to improve dietary AA balance minimises urea-nitrogen (N) synthesis, N excretion and ammonia emission, without compromising lactation performance. Improving dietary AA balance increases energy, global N and AA efficiency of utilisation for milk production, and, in some cases, increases true milk protein and casein yield in peak lactation. The mechanisms by which enhanced AA balance improves nutrient efficiency include potentially increased extraction rate of AA by the mammary gland and reduced heat production. Individual AA efficiencies are dynamic, and, thus, estimating their maximum biological efficiency value (MBEV) is of critical importance for accurate prediction of AA requirements. We have estimated MBEV for each individual AA. Future dietary formulations using reduced CP diets to minimise N excretion and ammonia emission will require AA requirements based on MBEV estimates.
Additional keywords: heat, mitigation, nitrogen, nutrition, swine.
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