Off to the right start: how pregnancy and early life can determine future animal health and production
K. L. Gatford A B D , C. T. Roberts A B , K. L. Kind A C and P. I. Hynd C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
B Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
C School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: kathy.gatford@adelaide.edu.au
Animal Production Science 58(3) 459-475 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17014
Submitted: 10 January 2017 Accepted: 23 August 2017 Published: 5 January 2018
Abstract
Animal producers are well aware that a low-birthweight animal is more likely to die in the first few days of life, and, if it survives, it is likely to perform poorly. We are now coming to appreciate that early life events can permanently change an animal’s developmental trajectory, also often referred to as developmental programming. This is an area of current interest in biomedicine, where the concept is known as the ‘developmental origins of health and disease’ (DOHaD). Current gaps in understanding include many of the underlying mechanisms, and whether and how we might intervene and restore the potential for healthy and productive development. This review introduces the biomedical perspective of developmental programming, reviews some of the evidence for long-term effects of early life exposures on welfare and productivity in animal production, with a focus on prenatal growth and maternal stress in pig production, and discusses options for intervening to improve long-term outcomes.
Additional keywords: animal welfare, fetal development, mortality.
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