Effects of tea seed saponin supplementation on physiological changes associated with blood methane concentration in tropical Brahman cattle
C. A. Ramírez-Restrepo A E , C. J. O’Neill A , N. López-Villalobos B , J. Padmanabha C , J. K. Wang D and C. McSweeney C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A CSIRO Agriculture, Australian Tropical Sciences and Innovation Precinct, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
B Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
C CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland BioScience Precinct, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia.
D Institute of Dairy Science, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
E Corresponding author. Email: carlos.ramirez@csiro.au
Animal Production Science 56(3) 457-465 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15582
Submitted: 14 September 2015 Accepted: 6 November 2015 Published: 9 February 2016
Abstract
A 59-day experiment compared the effects of increasing tea seed (Camellia sinensis L.) saponin (TSS) supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), liveweight (LW), rumen fermentation, methanogenesis, blood biochemistry and animal tolerance. Six, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g of powder TSS were dissolved during 5, 7, 4, 3, 3 and 2 days, respectively, and infused into the rumen of four rumen-cannulated Brahman steers (234 ± 13.6 kg LW; least-squares means ± s.e.m.) or mixed in the basal diet [BD: 0.15 Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay plus a high-grain feed (0.85)] of two non-cannulated (253 ± 19.3 kg) steers. Overall, DMI was not affected, by the sequential infusion of TSS (5.3 ± 0.15 kg) or addition to the BD (5.4 ± 0.18 kg), but relative to all diets, 6 g of TSS supplementation reduced DMI (P < 0.05), while the administration above 30 g of the supplement was associated with significantly (P < 0.001) reduced DMI, scours and bloat disorders. Clinical symptoms disappeared 8 days after withdrawal of the supplement. LW increased with time (P < 0.05) and the final LW was similar for cannulated (258 ± 13.6 kg) and non-cannulated (276 ± 19.3 kg) steers. Saponin supplementation reduced total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (P < 0.05), modified pattern of individual molar VFA concentrations and moderately increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05). Cannulated and non-cannulated steers fed the BD had similar daily (g) methane or yield (CH4 g/kg DMI) emissions while in respiratory chambers. However, compared with cannulated (8.0 ± 1.20 ng/mL) animals, the addition of 30 g of TSS in the BD increased (P < 0.01) blood CH4 concentration in non-cannulated (15.6 ± 1.74 ng/mL) animals. Diets supplemented with 30 g of TSS were associated with higher chloride (P < 0.01) and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) blood concentrations, and lower serum concentrations of potassium and urea nitrogen (P < 0.01), iron and total lipase (P < 0.05), than was the BD. It was concluded that higher levels of TSS supplement may evoke physiological changes in the animal. However, the potential CH4 mitigation effect of this form of saponin in tropical cattle needs further investigation, alongside the derived response of the rumen microbial ecology to the tested range of supplementation.
Additional keywords: Camellia sinensis L., metabolism, physiology, ruminant.
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