The impact of heat stress on intestinal function and productivity in grow-finish pigs
N. K. Gabler A B and S. C. Pearce A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
B Corresponding author. Email: ngabler@iastate.edu
Animal Production Science 55(12) 1403-1410 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15280
Submitted: 4 June 2015 Accepted: 18 September 2015 Published: 19 October 2015
Abstract
Heat stress is a physiological condition when animals can no longer regulate their internal euthermic temperature. When livestock such as pigs are subjected to this environmental stress, it can be detrimental to performance, health and well-being, and if severe enough even death. Growing pigs are particularly susceptible to heat stress and one of the major organs first affected by heat stress is the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, reductions in appetite, intestinal function and integrity and increased risk of endotoxemia can modify post-absorptive metabolism and tissue accretion. These changes in intestinal integrity may be a result of altered expression of tight junction proteins, increased circulating endotoxin concentrations and markers of cellular stress (heat shock and hypoxia response), which is evident as early on as 2 h after heat-stress onset. Due to restricted blood flow, the ileum is more severely affected compared with the colon. Interestingly, many of the negative effects of heat stress on intestinal integrity appear to be similar to those observed with pigs reared under reduced nutrient and caloric intakes. Altogether, these depress pig performance and health, and extend days to market. Despite this impact on the gastrointestinal tract, under heat-stress conditions, intestinal glucose transport pathways are upregulated. This review discussed how heat stress (directly and indirectly via reduced feed intake) affects intestinal integrity and how heat stress contributes to decreased growth performance in growing pigs.
Additional keywords: heat shock proteins, hypoxia, nutrient transport.
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