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CULTIVAR
Contents Vol 47(2)

Izmir subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. var. subterraneum)

P. G. H. Nichols A B J , G. A. Sandral C , B. S. Dear C , C. T. de Koning D , D. L. Lloyd E , P. M. Evans F , A. D. Craig G , B. J. Nutt A , M. J. Barbetti H , P. Si B and M. P. You A I
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia.

B Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

C New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Agricultural Institute, PMB Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.

D South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, SA 5350, Australia.

E Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland, PO Box 102, 203 Tor Street, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.

F Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Private Bag 105, Hamilton, Vic. 3300, Australia.

G South Australian Research and Development Institute, Struan Agricultural Centre, PO Box 618, Naracoorte, SA 5271, Australia.

H School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

I School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

J Corresponding author. Email: pnichols@agric.wa.gov.au

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47(2) 226-229 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA05283
Submitted: 25 October 2005  Accepted: 16 August 2006   Published: 23 January 2007

Abstract

Izmir is a hardseeded, early flowering, subterranean clover of var. subterraneum (Katz. et Morley) Zohary and Heller collected from Turkey and developed by the collaborating organisations of the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program. It is a more hardseeded replacement for Nungarin and best suited to well-drained, moderately acidic soils in areas with a growing season of less than 4.5 months. Izmir seed production and regeneration densities in 3-year pasture phases were similar to Nungarin in 21 trials across southern Australia, but markedly greater in years following a crop or no seed set. Over all measurements, Izmir produced 10% more winter herbage and 7% more spring herbage than Nungarin. Its greater hardseededness and good seed production, makes it better suited to cropping rotations than Nungarin. Softening of Izmir hard seeds occurs later in the summer–autumn period than Nungarin, giving it slightly greater protection from seed losses following false breaks to the season. Izmir is recommended for sowing in Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Queensland. Izmir has been granted Plant Breeders Rights in Australia.


Acknowledgements

The Grains Research & Development Corporation (GRDC) and Australian Wool Innovation (AWI) provided funding for the selection and evaluation of Izmir. The excellent technical assistance of John Titterington, Duncan Wood, Peter Skinner, Michael Davies, Jonas Hodgeson, Simon Ambrose, Rosemary Lugg, Bev Roberts, Deborah Ambrose, Craig Rodham, Gabriel Dyce, Brett Wilson, Joshua Taylor, Trevor Rowe, Neil Schubert, Neil Cameron, Alan Byron, Brian Johnson, Kemp Teasdale, and Sue O’Brien in the development of Izmir is greatly appreciated. We also wish to thank farmers and Research Station staff for their co-operation.


Seed licenced to: Premier Seeds, PO Box 40, Forbes, NSW 2871, Australia and Ballard Seeds, Box 7, Tincurrin, WA 6361, Australia.


References


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