Effects of dietary Sanguisorba minor, Plantago lanceolata, and Lotus corniculatus on urinary N excretion of dairy cows
A. N. Kapp-Bitter A B , J. Berard
C D , S. L. Amelchanka C , C. Baki A , C. Kunz B , A. K. Steiner A , M. Kreuzer B and F. Leiber A *
A FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Department of Livestock Sciences, Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland.
B ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland.
C ETH Zurich, AgroVet-Strickhof, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland.
D Agroscope, Division Animal Production Systems and Animal Health, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland.
Animal Production Science 63(15) 1494-1504 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN22300
Submitted: 3 August 2022 Accepted: 23 July 2023 Published: 14 August 2023
Abstract
Mitigating urinary nitrogen (N) losses is an important target of sustainable cattle nutrition concepts. One option to achieve this may be dietary inclusion of tanniferous herbs.
Aim of the study was to investigate herbs with different profiles of tannins for their efficiency to abate urinary N losses. Small burnet (Sanguisorba minor) with high concentrations of total tannins, plantain (Plantago lanceolata) with low concentrations and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) with expectedly high concentrations of condensed tannins were included in the treatments.
The test plants were mixed in dried form into a grass–maize-silage diet at 80 g/kg of dietary dry matter. They replaced dried perennial ryegrass (control). Twenty-four multiparous dairy cows were randomly allocated to the four diets. Intake, eating time, rumination time, and milk yield were recorded individually, and representative samples of milk and excreta were collected and analysed six times within 14 days, following 10 days of adaptation. The diets with ryegrass, birdsfoot trefoil, plantain or burnet contained, per kilogram of dry matter, 0, 1.8, 1.2 and 1.9 g condensed tannins, 0.1, 1.9, 1.7 and 15.5 g total tannins, and 26.2, 28.5, 27.5 and 26.6 g N.
Milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment, apart from a decline in milk protein content when feeding plantain. Milk urea concentration was reduced with burnet by more than 30%, compared with the control and plantain. Birdsfoot trefoil also reduced milk urea concentration, but to a lesser degree. Furthermore, the burnet treatment substantially shifted N excretion from urine to faeces (about 30% lower urine N losses). All treatments lowered the proportion of fine particles of <1.0 mm in faeces, what might be due to high fibre content of the control.
At dietary proportion of 80 g/kg, burnet is a forage herb with potential to reduce ruminal ammonia generation as indicated by reduced urinary N and milk urea. Plantain and birdsfoot trefoil had no or negligible effects.
The study indicated that small burnet could have potential as a feed additive for dairy cows in terms of N-use efficiency, lower emissions to the environment, and reduced animal metabolic stress.
Keywords: ammonia, chewing behaviour, low-input system, milk urea nitrogen, nitrogen emission, organic agriculture, plant secondary compound, polyphenol, rumen.
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