Herbaceous legumes provide several options for increasing beef cattle productivity in eastern Indonesia
Dianne Mayberry
A H , Debora Kana Hau B , Philip Rido Dida C , Dionisius Bria B , Jefrianus Praing C , Agustinus Dule Mata B , Esnawan Budisantoso B D , Neal Dalgliesh E F , Simon Quigley G , Lindsay Bell E and Jacob Nulik B
A CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
B Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Nusa Tenggara Timur, Jalan Timor Raya, Km 32, Naibonat, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia.
C Instalasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian, Jalan Suharto, Waingapu, Sumba, Indonesia.
D Indonesia–Australia Commercial Cattle Breeding Program, Indonesia.
E CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Tor Street, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
F Dalgliesh Agriculture, 11 Rangeview Road, Blue Mountain Heights, Qld 4350, Australia.
G School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Warrego Highway,Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
H Corresponding author. Email: dianne.mayberry@csiro.au
Animal Production Science 61(7) 698-707 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN20545
Submitted: 29 September 2020 Accepted: 27 November 2020 Published: 5 January 2021
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2021 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Context: Increasing demand for livestock products in developing countries provides opportunities for smallholder farmers to increase and diversify their income through increased livestock production. However, livestock production in these systems is often limited by inadequate animal nutrition, and farmers need ways to increase the availability and quality of livestock feed without compromising yields of food crops or increasing the area of land planted to forages.
Aim: Using eastern Indonesia as a case study, we explore the potential for herbaceous legumes, integrated into existing mixed crop–livestock systems, to address specific production issues in smallholder beef systems.
Methods: Through a series of in-village feeding demonstrations, we tested three opportunities to increase livestock production through the use of herbaceous legumes: (i) increasing reproduction rates of cows by maintaining their liveweight (LW) and body condition score during the dry season; (ii) increasing the survival and LW gain of unweaned calves; and (iii) increasing LW gain of growing bulls.
Key results: Small amounts of legume (~10 g DM/kg LW) were enough to maintain LW of cows grazing poor-quality grasses and crop residues during the dry season. At higher levels of inclusion in the diet (~20 g DM/kg LW), feeding legumes increased the LW gain of growing cattle and survival of unweaned calves, providing benefits similar to a purchased concentrate, but at lower cost.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate how strategic use of herbaceous legumes can increase beef production from low-input systems by maintaining LW of cows, and increasing survival of unweaned calves and LW gain of growing bulls.
Implications: Integration of herbaceous legumes into existing cropping systems removes many of the barriers to supplementary feeding. Improved livestock nutrition does not need to be based on purchased concentrates or increases in land used for forage production. The results are applicable to many other mixed crop–livestock systems throughout Southeast Asia.
Keywords: Bali cattle, Clitoria, crop–livestock systems, liveweight gain, Ongole cattle.
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