Frequency of narasin intake affects ruminal metabolism and growth of lambs
Gabriela B. Oliveira A , Daniel M. Polizel A B , Analisa V. Bertoloni A , Marcos V. C. Ferraz
C , Alexandre A. Miszura A , José P. R. Barroso A , André S. Martins A , Letícia F. Pasqualino B , Janaina S. Biava B , Evandro M. Ferreira B and Alexandre V. Pires A B *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Universidade de São Paulo/FMVZ, Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, n 225, 13635-000, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil.
B Universidade de São Paulo/ESALQ, Departamento de Zootecnia, Avenida Padua Dias, n 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
C Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Curso de Zootecnia, Rodovia Macurany, 69152-240, Parintins, AM, Brasil.
Animal Production Science 62(9) 844-850 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN20418
Submitted: 14 December 2019 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Published: 9 March 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Ionophores improve rumen fermentation efficiency, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. However, the effects of providing ionophores to grazing animals are extremely variable, primarily due to infrequent supplement intake.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of frequency of narasin intake on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and growth of lambs.
Methods: In Experiment I (metabolism assay), four rumen-cannulated wethers (1/2 Dorper × 1/2 Santa Inês) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The four treatments included a control, where animals were fed a diet without ionophore, and the following three treatments where animals were fed narasin at different intervals: 13 mg/kg of narasin every 24 h (N24), 26 mg/kg of narasin every 48 h (N48) and 39 mg/kg of narasin every 72 h (N72). All animals were fed with 95% Tifton-85 hay and 5% ground corn that was used as a vehicle for narasin. In Experiment II, 44 lambs (1/2 Dorper × 1/2 Santa Inês; 33.3 ± 0.5 kg (mean ± s.e.m.) and 180.5 ± 8 days of age) were used in a randomised complete-block design to assess performance. All treatments and management were similar to those in Experiment I.
Key results: Experiment I, dry-matter intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients were not affected by the treatments. The treatments N24 and N48 increased (P < 0.01) the total molar concentration of short-chain fatty acids compared with control and N72, and increased (P < 0.01) the concentration of propionate compared with control. In Experiment II, the treatments N24 and N48 increased the liveweight gain (P = 0.03) and feed efficiency (P = 0.02) compared with control and N72.
Conclusion: Effectiveness of narasin was reduced when offered at intervals greater than 48 h.
Implication: Frequency of narasin intake affects lamb production, and feeding systems are required where animals consume supplements on a regular basis.
Keywords: digestibility, feed additives, forage, lambs, nitrogen balance, performance, ruminal digestion, supplementation.
References
AOAC (1990) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ 15th edn. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Arlington, VA, USA)Aubel NA, Jaeger JR, Drouillard JS, Schlegel MD, Pacheco LA, Linden DR, Bolte JW, Higgins JJ, Olson KC (2011) Effects of mineral-supplement delivery system on frequency, duration, and timing of supplement use by beef cows grazing topographically rugged, native rangeland in the Kansas Flint Hills. Journal of Animal Science 89, 3699–3706.
| Effects of mineral-supplement delivery system on frequency, duration, and timing of supplement use by beef cows grazing topographically rugged, native rangeland in the Kansas Flint Hills.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21666005PubMed |
Bohnert DW, Schauer CS, DelCurto T (2002) Influence of rumen protein degradability and supplementation frequency on performance and nitrogen use in ruminants consuming low-quality forage: cow performance and efficiency of nitrogen use in wethers. Journal of Animal Science 80, 1629–1637.
| Influence of rumen protein degradability and supplementation frequency on performance and nitrogen use in ruminants consuming low-quality forage: cow performance and efficiency of nitrogen use in wethers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12078745PubMed |
Bretschneider G, Elizalde JC, Pérez FA (2008) The effect of feeding antibiotic growth promoters on the performance of beef cattle consuming forage-based diets: a review. Livestock Science 114, 135–149.
| The effect of feeding antibiotic growth promoters on the performance of beef cattle consuming forage-based diets: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Canesin RC, Berchielli TT, Andrade P, Faturi C (2006) Carcass and meat traits from crossbred steers submitted to different supplementation strategies. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35, 2368––2375..
| Carcass and meat traits from crossbred steers submitted to different supplementation strategies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cappellozza BI, Lasmar PVF, Reis FT, Oliveira L, Hoe F, Boehler RM, Leibovich J, Starkey R, Simas J, Cooke RF (2019) Effects of supplement type and narasin inclusion on supplement intake by Bos indicus beef bulls grazing a warm-season forage. Translational Animal Science 3, 263–273.
| Effects of supplement type and narasin inclusion on supplement intake by Bos indicus beef bulls grazing a warm-season forage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32704798PubMed |
Chaney AL, Marbach EP (1962) Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry 8, 130–132.
| Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 13878063PubMed |
de Assis RG, Biava JS, Polizel DM, de Souza TT, Sturion TU, Pires AV, Relling AE, Ferreira EM (2020) Use of narasin in diets for lactating ewes. Small Ruminant Research 187, 106108
| Use of narasin in diets for lactating ewes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Duffield TF, Merrill JK, Bagg RN (2012) Meta-analysis of the effects of monensin in beef cattle on feed efficiency, body weight gain, and dry matter intake. Journal of Animal Science 90, 4583–4592.
| Meta-analysis of the effects of monensin in beef cattle on feed efficiency, body weight gain, and dry matter intake.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22859759PubMed |
Ferreira EM, Pires AV, Susin I, Biehl MV, Gentil RS, Parente MOM, Polizel DM, Ribeiro CVDM, de Almeida E (2016) Nutrient digestibility and ruminal fatty acid metabolism in lambs supplemented with soybean oil partially replaced by fish oil blend. Animal Feed Science and Technology 216, 30–39.
| Nutrient digestibility and ruminal fatty acid metabolism in lambs supplemented with soybean oil partially replaced by fish oil blend.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gobato LGM, Polizel DM, Ferraz Júnior MVC, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Martins AS, Gonçalves JRS, Ferreira EM, Pires AV (2020) Supplementation of grazing beef cattle with narasin. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 55, e01270
| Supplementation of grazing beef cattle with narasin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970) ‘Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications).’ Agriculture Handbook No. 379. (Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA)
Goodrich RD, Garrett JE, Gast DR, Kirick MA, Larson DA, Meiske JC (1984) Influence of monensin on the performance of cattle. Journal of Animal Science 58, 1484–1498.
| Influence of monensin on the performance of cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 6378865PubMed |
Krehbiel CR, Ferrell CL, Freetly HC (1998) Effects of frequency of supplementation on dry matter intake and net portal and hepatic flux of nutrients in mature ewes that consume low-quality forage. Journal of Animal Science 76, 2464–2473.
| Effects of frequency of supplementation on dry matter intake and net portal and hepatic flux of nutrients in mature ewes that consume low-quality forage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 9781502PubMed |
Limede AC, Marques RS, Polizel DM, Cappellozza BI, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Martins AS, Sardinha LA, Bagio M, Pires AV (2021) Effects of supplementation with narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin on performance and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus Nellore cattle fed with forage based diets. Journal of Animal Science 99, skab005
| Effects of supplementation with narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin on performance and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus Nellore cattle fed with forage based diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 33861855PubMed |
Martins AS, Polizel DM, Oliveira GB, Barroso JPR, Ferraz MVC, Miszura AA, Bagio M, Ferreira EM, Pires AV (2022) Narasin improves ewe milk yield efficiency and may affect performance of lambs. Scientia Agricola 79, e20200334
| Narasin improves ewe milk yield efficiency and may affect performance of lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Miszura A, Polizel D, Ferraz M, Barroso J, Gobato L, Martins A, Oliveira G, Ferreira E, Pires A (2018) PSXIV-2 effects of feed additives on rumen parameters of steers fed a high-forage diet. Journal of Animal Science 96, 441
| PSXIV-2 effects of feed additives on rumen parameters of steers fed a high-forage diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
National Research Council (1985) ‘Nutrient requirements of sheep.’ 6th edn. (National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA)
Pasqualino LF, Oliveira GB, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Limede AC, Sardinha LA, Biava JS, Ferreira EM, Pires AV, Polizel DM (2020) Residual effect of narasin on ruminal fermentation characteristics in lambs. Livestock Science 240, 104141
| Residual effect of narasin on ruminal fermentation characteristics in lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Paula NF, Zervoudakis JT, Cabral LS, Carvalho DMG, Paulino MF, Zervoudakis LKH, Oliveira AA, Koschek JFW (2011) Infrequent supplementation and protein sources for growing steers grazing in the dry season: nutritional parameters. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, 882–891.
| Infrequent supplementation and protein sources for growing steers grazing in the dry season: nutritional parameters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Polizel DM, Cappellozza BI, Hoe F, Lopes CN, Barroso JP, Miszura A, Oliveira GB, Gobato L, Pires AV (2020) Effects of narasin supplementation on dry matter intake and rumen fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus steers fed a high-forage diet. Translational Animal Science 4, 118–128.
| Effects of narasin supplementation on dry matter intake and rumen fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus steers fed a high-forage diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32704972PubMed |
Polizel DM, Susin I, Gentil RS, Ferreira EM, de Souza RA, Freire APA, Pires AV, Ferraz MVC, Rodrigues PHM, Eastridge ML (2017) Crude glycerin decreases nonesterified fatty acid concentration in ewes during late gestation and early lactation. Journal of Animal Science 95, 875–883.
| Crude glycerin decreases nonesterified fatty acid concentration in ewes during late gestation and early lactation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28380605PubMed |
Polizel DM, Marques SS, Westphalen MF, Gouvea VN, Ferraz Júnior MVC, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Limede AC, Ferreira EM, Pires AV (2021a) Narasin inclusion for feedlot lambs fed diet containing high amounts of ground flint corn. Scientia Agricola 78, e20200010
| Narasin inclusion for feedlot lambs fed diet containing high amounts of ground flint corn.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Polizel DM, Martins AS, Miszura AA, Ferraz Júnior MVC, Bertoloni AV, Oliveira GB, Barroso JPR, Ferreira EM, Pires AV (2021b) Low doses of monensin for lambs fed diets containing high level of ground flint corn. Scientia Agricola 78, e20190263
| Low doses of monensin for lambs fed diets containing high level of ground flint corn.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Potter EL, Cooley CO, Richardson LF, Raun AP, Rathmacher RP (1976) Effect monensin on performance of cattle forage. Journal of Animal Science 43, 665–669.
| Effect monensin on performance of cattle forage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sardinha LA, Marque RS, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Oliveira GB, Martins AS, Limede AC, Ferraz MVC, Ferreira EM, Pires AV, Eastridge ML, Polizel DM (2020) Milk yield and composition from ewes fed diets containing narasin and their lambs’ performance. Translational Animal Science 4, 854–862.
| Milk yield and composition from ewes fed diets containing narasin and their lambs’ performance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Soares LCB, Marques RS, Pires AV, Cruz VA, Limede AC, Maia KdS, Bagio M, Barroso JPR, Biava JS, Ferreira EM, Ferraz MVC, Polizel DM (2021) Effects of narasin supplementation frequency on intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility of Bos indicus Nellore steers fed with forage-based diets. Translational Animal Science 5, txab125
| Effects of narasin supplementation frequency on intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility of Bos indicus Nellore steers fed with forage-based diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 34409265PubMed |
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.
| Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1660498PubMed |
Wouters F, Wouters ATB, Barros CSL (1997) Experimental narasin poisoning in sheep. Brazilian Veterinary Research 17, 89–95.
| Experimental narasin poisoning in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wuethrich AJ, Richardson LF, Mowrey DH, Paxton RE, Anderson DB (1998) The effect of narasin on apparent nitrogen digestibility and large intestine volatile fatty acid concentrations on finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 76, 1056–1063.
| The effect of narasin on apparent nitrogen digestibility and large intestine volatile fatty acid concentrations on finishing swine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 9581929PubMed |
