Analysis of bacterial community in rumen fluid of cattle supplemented with different protein and energy sources
Nguyen Trong Ngu
A , Luu Huynh Anh A , Nguyen Thi Hong Nhan A , Nguyen Van Hon A , Nguyen Thiet B , Juan Boo Liang C , Lam Thai Hung D , Nguyen Hong Xuan E , Wei Li Chen C and Ly Thi Thu Lan D F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Can Tho City, 94000, Vietnam.
B College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Can Tho City, 94000, Vietnam.
C Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
D School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, 126 Nguyen Thien Thanh, Tra Vinh City, 87000, Vietnam.
E College of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Can Tho University of Technology, 256 Nguyen Van Cu, Can Tho City, 94000, Vietnam.
F Corresponding author. Email: thulan@tvu.edu.vn
Animal Production Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/AN20206
Submitted: 30 March 2020 Accepted: 15 February 2021 Published online: 11 May 2021
Abstract
Context: Source and composition of feed influence rumen microbial community, which determines efficiency of feed digestion and thus productivity in ruminants. Therefore, changes in the structure, function and diversity of the rumen microbial populations in response to changes in diet provide an understanding in the rumen fermentation process.
Aims: The present study, consisting of two experiments, was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing different protein and energy sources on the rumen bacterial community in cattle.
Methods: The dietary treatments of the first experiment, which evaluated the effect of protein sources, were as follows: (i) Hymenachne acutigluma grass, rice straw and rice bran (1.5 kg/head.day; C1), (ii) C1 plus 120 g urea/head.day (C1 + U), (iii) C1 plus 720 g soybean/head.day (C1 + SM), and (iv) C1 plus 720 g of blood and feather meal (in 1:1 ratio)/head.day (C1 + BFM). The treatments in the second experiment were (i) Hymenachne acutigluma grass, rice straw and concentrate (1.5 kg/head.day; C2), (ii) C2 plus 250 g fish oil/head.day (C2 + FO) and (iii) C2 + 250 g soybean oil/head.day (C2 + SO). At the end of the 90-day feeding trial, rumen fluids were extracted for microbial DNA isolation to identify the microbe species by the polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method and sequencing of the 16S rRNA region.
Key results: The sequences of some DNA bands were closely related to the bacteria strains of the Prevotella, Cytophaga, Capnocytophaga, Cyanobacterium, Catonella, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Propionivibrio, Galbibacter, Moorellaglycerin, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella alba groups, with similarity levels ranging from 73% to 96%. In addition, the Prevotella species was found in both the protein and the energy supplement trials, and irrespective of diet supplements, the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the prominent groups in the rumen.
Conclusions: Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the two dominant groups of rumen microflora, and Bacteroidia and Clostridia classes together with the Prevotella genus are predominant in the rumen irrespective of protein and energy sources.
Implications: Our findings provided evidence on the effect of diet on the interaction of rumen microbial community and have important implications in establishing optimal diets for cattle.
Keywords: cattle, energy, protein, rumen microbial community, supplementation.
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