The potential of silage lactic acid bacteria-derived nano-selenium as a dietary supplement in sheep
M. R. F. Lee A B E , H. R. Fleming A , F. Whittington B , C. Hodgson A , P. T. Suraj C and D. R. Davies A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK.
B University of Bristol, Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, Somerset, BS40 5DU, UK.
C Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
D Silage Solutions Ltd, Bwlch y Blaen, Ponthrydygroes, Ceredigion, SY25 6DP, UK.
E Corresponding author. Email: michael.lee@rothamsted.ac.uk
Animal Production Science 59(11) 1999-2009 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19258
Submitted: 2 May 2019 Accepted: 30 May 2019 Published: 16 September 2019
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2019 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Context: Selenium (Se) is a trace element essential for cellular function in animals as a component of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase and iodothyronine-5-deiodinase. In many parts of Europe, Se is often deficient in livestock diets due to the low Se status of soil. Supplementation of diets with selenised yeast (predominately as seleno-methionine) or inorganic sodium selenite is common practice in most livestock systems, including ruminants. Lactic acid bacteria have been shown to convert inorganic Se into predominantly elemental nano-Se, which has been used recently in human pro-biotics as a less toxic form of Se. Therefore, silage lactic acid bacteria may provide a supplementation route of bioavailable nano-Se for ruminants.
Aim: Here, we report on the effect of feeding inoculated silage enriched with a supra-nutritional level of nano-Se (Selage) versus control inoculated silage (Silage) on the Se status of finishing lambs and their products, followed by a second study where blood parameters were investigated in ewes.
Methods: In the first study, 40 Charollais × Suffolk lambs (42 ± 1.7 kg) were paired according to weight and sex, then allocated to the two treatments for 8 or 10 weeks. Uptake of Se into wool was temporally assessed, as well as excretion of Se into faeces. Selenium concentrations in blood and muscle, carcass characteristics and meat quality are reported postmortem. In the second study, individually penned Suffolk × Mule ewes (n = 12; 76 ± 4.5 kg) were offered the same diets as in the first study. Blood parameters were assessed at the start and after 6 weeks, with intake and excretion into faeces and urine assessed temporally throughout the study.
Key results: In the first study, dry-matter (DM) intake was similar in both treatment groups, at 0.8 ± 0.03 kg/day, but Se concentrations of the diets were significantly different, resulting in intakes of ~0.14 and 1.60 mg/day on the Silage and Selage diets, respectively. This was reflected in higher Se concentrations in faeces (0.4 vs 2.0 mg/kg DM; P < 0.001), wool (0.11 vs 0.25 mg/kg DM; P < 0.001), blood (0.19 vs 0.46 mg/L; P < 0.001) and muscle (0.31 vs 0.41 mg/kg: P < 0.01) on the Selage than on the Silage diet. Colour (chroma) shelf life of the meat was significantly higher on the Selage treatment (8.05 vs 9.2 days; P < 0.05). In the second trial, for ewes fed Selage, blood seleno-methionine increased from 0.21 to 0.25 mg/L and seleno-cysteine from 0.25 to 0.35 mg/L after 6 weeks on the treatment, whereas there was no change in ewes fed Silage. Glutathione peroxidase increased, whereas haematocrit, haemoglobin and platelet count were decreased across time during the study, but there was no difference between the treatments.
Conclusions: Nano-Se provided by the Selage treatment was shown to be available to sheep and improve shelf life, with no adverse haematological effects.
Implications: There is potential to use silage inoculants to provide bioavailable Se to ruminants. Further research is required to determine the most appropriate dose for animal performance and product quality.
Additional keywords: lactic acid bacteria, meat quality, nano-Se, sheep production.
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