Portal drained-viscera heat production and net flux of volatile fatty acids in Iberian pigs fed acorn
M. Lachica A , L. González-Valero A , J. M. Rodríguez-López B , L. Lara A and I. Fernández-Fígares A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
B Unité Transformations and Agro-Ressources – UP 2018.C103, Département Sciences Agronomiques et Animales, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313-F- 60026 Beauvais Cedex, France.
C Corresponding author. Email: ifigares@eez.csic.es
Animal Production Science 59(8) 1470-1482 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18149
Submitted: 23 February 2018 Accepted: 29 August 2018 Published: 16 October 2018
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the portal-drained viscera (PDV) heat production (HP) and net PDV flux of volatile fatty acids (VFA: acetic, propionic and butyric acids) in Iberian pigs (34-kg bodyweight) fed with acorn from evergreen oak, and to ascertain whether there is an effect of acorn feeding over time. In addition, potential contribution of both parameters to the energy budget of the animal was calculated. The following two sampling periods were conducted with six gilts: after 1 day (I) and after 1 week (II) of acorn feeding. Postprandial PDV HP was 29% greater (P < 0.01) in Sampling period II than in Sampling period I, but net PDV flux of VFA was only slightly greater (5%, P > 0.1). Potential proportional contribution of VFA to the whole HP was almost identical in both sampling periods (0.057, on average), representing 0.109 (on average) of the metabolisable energy requirements for maintenance. Pigs adapted for 1 week to an acorn diet had increased PDV HP without an increase in the net PDV flux of VFA, indicating that, apparently, nutrients other than VFA were responsible for the increased PDV HP.
Additional keywords: energy fuel, gastrointestinal tract, nutrients.
References
Aguinaga MA, Conde-Aguilera JA, Ruiz-Guerrero V, Navarro AI, Aguilera JF, Nieto R (2010) Incorporation of lysine from microbial origin into tissue protein of Iberian and Landrace × Large White piglets. Livestock Science 133, 104–106.| Incorporation of lysine from microbial origin into tissue protein of Iberian and Landrace × Large White piglets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Argenzio RA, Southworth M (1975) Sites of organic acid production and absorption in gastrointestinal tract of the pig. The American Journal of Physiology 228, 454–460.
| Sites of organic acid production and absorption in gastrointestinal tract of the pig.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (2000) ‘Official methods of analysis’. 17th edn. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Arlington, VA)
Barea R, Nieto R, Aguilera JF (2007) Effects of the dietary protein content and the feeding level on protein and energy metabolism in Iberian pigs growing from 50 to 100 kg body weight. Animal 1, 357–365.
| Effects of the dietary protein content and the feeding level on protein and energy metabolism in Iberian pigs growing from 50 to 100 kg body weight.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clemens ET, Stevens CE, Southworth M (1975) Sites of organic acid production and pattern of digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of swine. The Journal of Nutrition 105, 759–768.
| Sites of organic acid production and pattern of digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of swine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CRC (1985) ‘CRC handbook of chemistry and physics.’ 65th edn. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL)
Dobao MT, Rodrigañez J, Silio L, Toro MA (1988) Iberian pig production in Spain. Pig News Information 9, 277–282.
Fara JW (1984) Postprandial mesenteric hyperemia. In ‘Physiology of the intestinal circulation’. (Eds AP Shepherd, DN Granger) pp. 99–106. (Raven Press: New York)
García-Valverde R, Nieto R, Lachica M, Aguilera JF (2007) Effects of herbage ingestion on the digestion site and nitrogen balance in heavy Iberian pigs fed on an acorn-based diet. Livestock Science 112, 63–77.
| Effects of herbage ingestion on the digestion site and nitrogen balance in heavy Iberian pigs fed on an acorn-based diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Giusi-Perier A, Fiszlewicz M, Rérat A (1989) Influence of diet composition on intestinal volatile fatty acid and nutrient absorption in unanesthetized pigs. Journal of Animal Science 67, 386–402.
| Influence of diet composition on intestinal volatile fatty acid and nutrient absorption in unanesthetized pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
González-Valero L, Rodríguez-López JM, Lachica M, Fernández-Fígares I (2012) Differences in portal appearance of lysine and methionine in Iberian and Landrace pigs. Journal of Animal Science 90, 110–112.
| Differences in portal appearance of lysine and methionine in Iberian and Landrace pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
González-Valero L, Rodríguez-López JM, Lachica M, Fernández-Fígares I (2016) Contribution of portal-drained viscera to heat production in Iberian gilts fed a low protein diet: comparison to Landrace. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96, 1202–1208.
| Contribution of portal-drained viscera to heat production in Iberian gilts fed a low protein diet: comparison to Landrace.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Huntington G (1984) Relationship of portal blood flow to metabolizable energy intake of cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64, 16–17.
| Relationship of portal blood flow to metabolizable energy intake of cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Huntington GB, Eisemann JH, Whitt JM (1990) Portal blood flow in beef steers: comparison of techniques and relation to hepatic blood flow, cardiac output and oxygen uptake. Journal of Animal Science 68, 1666–1673.
| Portal blood flow in beef steers: comparison of techniques and relation to hepatic blood flow, cardiac output and oxygen uptake.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kass ML, Van Soest PJ, Pond WG (1980a) Utilization of dietary fiber from alfalfa by growing swine. II. Volatile fatty acid concentrations in and disappearance from the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Animal Science 50, 192–197.
| Utilization of dietary fiber from alfalfa by growing swine. II. Volatile fatty acid concentrations in and disappearance from the gastrointestinal tract.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kass ML, Van Soest PJ, Pond WG, Lewis B, McDowell RE (1980b) Utilization of dietary fiber from alfalfa by growing swine. I. Apparent digestibility of diet components in specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Animal Science 50, 175–191.
| Utilization of dietary fiber from alfalfa by growing swine. I. Apparent digestibility of diet components in specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Katz ML, Bergman EN (1969) Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal venous blood flow in the sheep and dog. The American Journal of Physiology 216, 946–952.
| Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal venous blood flow in the sheep and dog.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Laguna Sanz E (1998) La dehesa, la bellota y el cerdo ibérico. In ‘El cerdo ibérico’. (Ed. Mundi-Prensa) pp. 81–115. (Mundi-Prensa: Madrid)
Lobley GE, Connell A, Lomax MA, Brown DS, Milne E, Calder AG, Farningham DAH (1995) Hepatic detoxification of ammonia in the ovine liver; possible consequences for amino acid catabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 667–685.
| Hepatic detoxification of ammonia in the ovine liver; possible consequences for amino acid catabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lomax MA, Baird GD (1983) Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow. Effects of lactation and fasting. British Journal of Nutrition 49, 481–496.
| Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow. Effects of lactation and fasting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
López-Bote CJ (1998) Sustained utilization of the Iberian pig breed. Meat Science 49, S17–S27.
Michel P, Rérat A (1998) Effect of adding sugar beet fibre and wheat bran to a starch diet on the absorption kinetics of glucose, amino-nitrogen and volatile fatty acids in the pig. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 38, 49–68.
| Effect of adding sugar beet fibre and wheat bran to a starch diet on the absorption kinetics of glucose, amino-nitrogen and volatile fatty acids in the pig.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Morales J, Pérez JF, Baucells MD, Mourot J, Gasa J (2002a) Comparative digestibility and lipogenic activity in Landrace and Iberian finishing pigs fed ad libitum corn- and corn-sorghum-acorn-based diets. Livestock Production Science 77, 195–205.
| Comparative digestibility and lipogenic activity in Landrace and Iberian finishing pigs fed ad libitum corn- and corn-sorghum-acorn-based diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Morales J, Pérez JF, Martín-Orúe SM, Fondevila M, Gasa J (2002b) Large bowel fermentation of maize or sorghum-acorn diets fed as a different source of carbohydrates to Landrace and Iberian pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 88, 489–497.
| Large bowel fermentation of maize or sorghum-acorn diets fed as a different source of carbohydrates to Landrace and Iberian pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nieto R, Rivera M, García MA, Aguilera JF (2002a) Amino acid availability and energy value of acorns in the Iberian pig. Livestock Production Science 77, 227–239.
| Amino acid availability and energy value of acorns in the Iberian pig.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nieto R, Miranda A, García MA, Aguilera JF (2002b) The effect of dietary protein content and feeding level on the rate of protein deposition and energy utilization in growing Iberian pigs from 15 to 50 kg body weight. British Journal of Nutrition 88, 39–49.
| The effect of dietary protein content and feeding level on the rate of protein deposition and energy utilization in growing Iberian pigs from 15 to 50 kg body weight.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nieto R, Lara L, Barea R, García-Valverde R, Aguinaga MA, Conde-Aguilera JA, Aguilera JF (2012) Response analysis of the Iberian pig growing from birth to 150 kg body weight to changes in protein and energy supply. Journal of Animal Science 90, 3809–3820.
| Response analysis of the Iberian pig growing from birth to 150 kg body weight to changes in protein and energy supply.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Remesy C, Demigne C (1974) Determination of volatile fatty acids in plasma after ethanolic extraction. The Biochemical Journal 141, 85–91.
| Determination of volatile fatty acids in plasma after ethanolic extraction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rérat A (1978) Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and nitrogenous matters in the hindgut of the omnivorous non-ruminant animal. Journal of Animal Science 46, 1808–1837.
| Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and nitrogenous matters in the hindgut of the omnivorous non-ruminant animal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rérat A (1981a) Contribution du gros intestin a la digestión des glucides et des matieres azotees chez le monogastrique omnivore. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 21, 815–847.
| Contribution du gros intestin a la digestión des glucides et des matieres azotees chez le monogastrique omnivore.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rérat A (1982) Absorption des sucres et des acides aminés chez le porc. In ‘Digestive physiology in the pig’. (Eds JP Laplace, T Corring, A Rérat) pp. 63-87. Colloques de l’INRA No. 12. (INRA Publications: Paris)
Rérat A (1993) Nutritional supply of proteins and absorption of their hydrolysis products: consequences on metabolism. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 52, 335–344.
| Nutritional supply of proteins and absorption of their hydrolysis products: consequences on metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rérat A (1996) Influence of the nature of carbohydrate intake on the absorption chronology of reducing sugars and volatile fatty acids in the pig. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 36, 3–19.
| Influence of the nature of carbohydrate intake on the absorption chronology of reducing sugars and volatile fatty acids in the pig.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rérat A, Vaissade P (1993) Relations entre la prise alimentaire et la consommation d’oxygène des organes drainés par la veine porte chez le porc éveillé. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 33, 235–251.
| Relations entre la prise alimentaire et la consommation d’oxygène des organes drainés par la veine porte chez le porc éveillé.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rérat A, Vaissade P, Vaugelade P (1984) Absorption kinetics of some carbohydrates in conscious pigs. I. Qualitative aspects. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 505–515.
| Absorption kinetics of some carbohydrates in conscious pigs. I. Qualitative aspects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rérat A, Wszlewim M, Giusi A, Vaugelade P (1987) Influence of meal frequency on postprandial variations in the production and absorption of volatile fatty acids in the digestive tract of conscious pigs. Journal of Animal Science 64, 448–456.
| Influence of meal frequency on postprandial variations in the production and absorption of volatile fatty acids in the digestive tract of conscious pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rivera-Ferre MG, Aguilera JF, Nieto R (2005) Muscle fractional protein synthesis is higher in Iberian than in Landrace growing pigs fed adequate or lysine-deficient diets. The Journal of Nutrition 135, 469–478.
| Muscle fractional protein synthesis is higher in Iberian than in Landrace growing pigs fed adequate or lysine-deficient diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rodríguez-Estévez V, García A, Peña F, Gómez AG (2009) Foraging of Iberian fattening pigs grazing natural pasture in the dehesa. Livestock Science 120, 135–143.
| Foraging of Iberian fattening pigs grazing natural pasture in the dehesa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rodríguez-López JM, Lachica M, González-Valero L, Fernández-Fígares I (2010a) Energy expenditure of splanchnic tissues in Iberian and Landrace growing gilts. Livestock Science 133, 61–63.
| Energy expenditure of splanchnic tissues in Iberian and Landrace growing gilts.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rodríguez-López JM, González-Valero L, Lachica M, Fernández-Fígares I (2010b) Heat production of portal drain viscera (PDV) relative to the total in Iberian vs. Landrace gilts. In ‘Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on Mediterranean pig’. (Ed. E de Pedro) p. 52. (University of Córdoba: Córdoba, Spain)
Rodríguez-López JM, Lachica M, González-Valero L, Fernández-Fígares I (2013) Approaches for quantifying gastrointestinal nutrient absorption and metabolism in a native and a modern pig breed. The Journal of Agricultural Science 151, 434–443.
| Approaches for quantifying gastrointestinal nutrient absorption and metabolism in a native and a modern pig breed.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
SAS Institute (2002) ‘SAS user’s guide: statistics.’ (SAS Institute Inc.: Cary, NC)
Serena A, Jørgensen H, Bach Knudsen KE (2007) The absorption of lactic acids is better synchronized with the absorption of glucose than with the absorption of short-chain fatty acids: a study with sows fed diets varying in dietary fibre. Livestock Science 109, 118–121.
| The absorption of lactic acids is better synchronized with the absorption of glucose than with the absorption of short-chain fatty acids: a study with sows fed diets varying in dietary fibre.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Serena A, Jørgensen H, Bach Knudsen KE (2009) Absorption of carbohydrate-derived nutrients in sows as influenced by types and contents of dietary fiber. Journal of Animal Science 87, 136–147.
| Absorption of carbohydrate-derived nutrients in sows as influenced by types and contents of dietary fiber.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stoll B, Henry J, Reeds PJ, Yu H, Jahoor F, Burrin DG (1998) Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets. The Journal of Nutrition 128, 606–614.
| Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ten Have GAM, Bost MCF, Suyk-Wierts JCAW, van den Bogaard AEJM, Deutz NEP (1996) Simultaneous measurement of metabolic flux in portally-drained viscera, liver, spleen, kidney and hindquarter in the conscious pig. Lab Animal 30, 347–358.
van der Meulen J, Bakker GCM, Bakker JGM, de Visser H, Jongbloed AW, Everts H (1997) Effect of resistant starch on net portal-drained viscera flux of glucose, volatile fatty acids, urea, and ammonia in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 75, 2697–2704.
| Effect of resistant starch on net portal-drained viscera flux of glucose, volatile fatty acids, urea, and ammonia in growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van Soest PJ (1985) Definition of fibre in animal feeds. In ‘Recent advances in animal nutrition’. (Eds W Haresign, DJA Cole) pp. 55–70. (Butterworths: London)
Yen JT, Killefer J (1987) A method for chronically quantifying net absorption of nutrients and gut metabolites into hepatic portal vein in conscious swine. Journal of Animal Science 64, 923–934.
| A method for chronically quantifying net absorption of nutrients and gut metabolites into hepatic portal vein in conscious swine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yen JT, Nienaber JA (1992) Influence of carbadox on fasting oxygen consumption by portal vein-drained organs and by the whole animal in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 70, 478–483.
| Influence of carbadox on fasting oxygen consumption by portal vein-drained organs and by the whole animal in growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yen JT, Nienaber JA, Hill DA, Pond WG (1989) Oxygen consumption by portal vein-drained organs and by whole animal in conscious growing swine. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 190, 393–398.
| Oxygen consumption by portal vein-drained organs and by whole animal in conscious growing swine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yen JT, Nienaber JA, Hill DA, Pond WG (1991) Potential contribution of absorbed volatile fatty acids to whole-animal energy requirement in conscious swine. Journal of Animal Science 69, 2001–2012.
| Potential contribution of absorbed volatile fatty acids to whole-animal energy requirement in conscious swine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yen JT, Varel VH, Nienaber JA (2004) Metabolic and microbial responses in western crossbred and Meishan growing pigs fed a high-fiber diet. Journal of Animal Science 82, 1740–1755.
| Metabolic and microbial responses in western crossbred and Meishan growing pigs fed a high-fiber diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zierler KL (1961) Theory of the use of arteriovenous concentration differences for measuring metabolism in steady and non-steady states. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 40, 2111–2125.
| Theory of the use of arteriovenous concentration differences for measuring metabolism in steady and non-steady states.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
