Energy and protein requirements of crossbred Holstein × Gyr calves fed commercial milk replacer and amino acid supplement
J. C. C. Chagas A , M. A. Ferreira A , M. M. Campos B , F. S. Machado B , L. C. Silva C , A. Faciola D and M. I. Marcondes C E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, Brazil.
B Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
C Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
D Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: marcosinaciomarcondes@gmail.com
Animal Production Science 59(5) 879-886 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17562
Submitted: 10 August 2017 Accepted: 22 March 2018 Published: 13 June 2018
Abstract
This experiment aimed to estimate the energy and protein requirements for Holstein × Gyr calves up to 60 days of age fed with milk replacer and amino acid supplement. Fifty male calves were used, of which seven were randomly allocated into the reference group and slaughtered at 8 days of age, seven were randomly allocated into the maintenance group slaughtered at 30 days of age, and the 36 remaining calves were included in the experiment at 8 days of age and randomly supplied with four dietary methionine+cysteine : lysine ratios (RMCL; 44%, 48%, 52%, and 56%) through amino acid supplement added as 1 kg/day of milk replacer reconstituted at 13.8% of dry matter. Different RMCL were tested for the models, and there were no significant effects on energy and protein requirements. The net energy requirement for maintenance was 75.2 kcal/empty bodyweight (EBW)0.75.day, with an energy use efficiency for maintenance of 67.38%. The prediction equation of net energy requirement for gain (Mcal/day) was energy retained = 0.0879 × EBW0.75 × empty bodyweight gain (EBWG)0.7580, with an energy use efficiency for gain of 47.57%. The estimated requirements for metabolisable protein for maintenance were 4.83 g/EBW0.75.day. The estimated equation for net protein requirements for gain (g/day) was NPg = EBWG × 246.73 × EBW–0.1204, with a protein use efficiency for gain of 71.55%. The estimated requirements for energy and proteins were greater than the values reported for calves fed with milk. Milk replacers are less efficiently used by calves up to 60 days of age when compared with whole milk.
Additional keywords: body composition, comparative slaughter, energy use efficiency, pre-weaning calves.
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