Influence of low-protein and low-amino acid diets with different sources of protease on performance, carcasses and nitrogen retention of broiler chickens
Z. U. Rehman A B , J. Kamran C , M. E. Abd El-Hack D G , M. Alagawany D G , S. A. Bhatti C , G. Ahmad E , A. Saleem F , Z. Ullah C , R. M. K. Yameen C and C. Ding A G
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
B Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
C Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
D Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
E Quality Assurance Manager, Sadiq Feeds Pvt. Ltd, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
F Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Human Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
G Corresponding authors. Email: shoveldeen@shvri.ac.cn; mmalagwany@zu.edu.eg; m.ezzat@zu.edu.eg
Animal Production Science 58(9) 1625-1631 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN16687
Submitted: 20 October 2016 Accepted: 27 February 2017 Published: 30 March 2017
Abstract
A 42-day experiment was conducted with 625 1-day-old male Hubbard chickens to evaluate the performance, carcass traits, nitrogen retention and economics of broiler chickens fed low protein and amino acid diets supplemented with different protease sources. Treatments included positive (PC) and negative (NC) controls (PC at 19.3% protein vs NC at 18.8% protein), with NC containing 7% less digestible amino acids. The other three treatment groups were based on the NC diet supplemented with 0.05% Cibenza® DP100 (CB), 0.02% Ronozyme® (RZ) or 0.02% Winzyme pro plus (WZ). Birds fed the PC, CB and WZ diets achieved the heaviest bodyweight compared with those fed the NC diet at end of the experiment. Total feed intake of birds fed the PC diet was higher (P < 0.05) than that of birds fed the NC diet. Feed conversion ratio was numerically significantly (P = 0.005) improved with all tested groups in comparison with NC throughout the experiment. European production index was similar (P > 0.05) among birds fed the PC, NC, RZ or WZ diets. All carcass parameters studied, including dressing, heart, gizzard, giblets, chest meat, thigh meat and abdominal fat percentages, were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding on the different sources of protease. Broilers fed the PC diet or diets formulated with all protease sources had higher (P < 0.05) nitrogen retention than did birds fed the NC diet. The supplementation of protease to low-protein and low-amino acid diets resulted in higher profit margin in broilers. It is concluded that supplementing exogenous protease to broiler diets containing low protein and amino acids improved the growth performance, feed utilisation, carcass traits, nitrogen retention and net returns of broiler chickens.
Additional keyword: economics.
References
Abudabos AM (2012) Effect of enzyme supplementation to normal and low density broiler diets based on corn-soybean meal. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7, 139–148.| Effect of enzyme supplementation to normal and low density broiler diets based on corn-soybean meal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmvVyhtr8%3D&md5=acda1fa9040ed3e7477e9a4c82dfb97cCAS |
Agboola AF, Fagbemi MA, Oluwadamilare EI, Majolagbe OH (2013) Effect of roxazyme G2G supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed wheat-based diets. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 2, 321–326.
Ahmed HA, Abou-Elkhair R, Ketkat SA, Selim S (2015) Growth and economic performance of broiler chickens fed on graded levels of canola meal with or without multi-enzyme supplementation. The Journal of Agricultural Science 7, 137–149.
Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V (2014) Effect of low-protein diets with crystalline amino acid supplementation on egg production, blood parameters and nitrogen balance in laying Japanese quail. Avian Biology Research 7, 235–243.
| Effect of low-protein diets with crystalline amino acid supplementation on egg production, blood parameters and nitrogen balance in laying Japanese quail.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Farag MR, Tiwari R, Sachan S, Karthik K, Dhama K (2016) Positive and negative impacts of dietary protein levels in laying hens. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 10, 165–174.
| Positive and negative impacts of dietary protein levels in laying hens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Amerah AM, Romero LF, Awati A, Ravindran V (2017) Effect of exogenous xylanase, amylase, and protease as single or combined activities on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broilers fed corn/soy diets. Poultry Science 96, 807–816.
| Effect of exogenous xylanase, amylase, and protease as single or combined activities on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broilers fed corn/soy diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Anuradha P, Roy B (2015) Effect of supplementation of fiber degrading enzymes on performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing de-oiled rice bran. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 10, 179–184.
| Effect of supplementation of fiber degrading enzymes on performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing de-oiled rice bran.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
AOAC (2000) ‘Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists.’ 17th edn. (AOAC: Gaithersburg, MD)
Cho JH, Zhao PY, Kim IH (2012) Effects of emulsifier and multi-enzyme in different energy ensitydiet on growth performance, blood profiles, and relative organ weight in broiler chickens. The Journal of Agricultural Science 4, 161–168.
Costa FGP, Goulart CC, Figueiredo DF, Oliveira CFS, Silva JHV (2008) Economic and environmental impact of using exogenous enzymes on poultry feeding. International Journal of Poultry Science 7, 311–314.
| Economic and environmental impact of using exogenous enzymes on poultry feeding.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVWksbzK&md5=f5430cd3c00cff7db2c90da41c7cbde9CAS |
Cowieson AJ, Ravindran V (2008) Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids. British Poultry Science 49, 37–44.
| Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXot1KqsQ%3D%3D&md5=d20e7d3aabf97c00481fe17672964113CAS |
Dosković V, Bogosavljević-Bosković S, Pavlovski Z, Milošević B, Škrbić Z, Rakonjac S, Petričević V (2013) Enzymes in broiler diets with special reference to protease. World’s Poultry Science Journal 69, 343–360.
| Enzymes in broiler diets with special reference to protease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Douglas Mw, Parsons Cm, Bedford Mr (2000) Effect of various soybean meal sources and avizyme on chick growth performance and ileal digestible energy. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 9, 74–80.
| Effect of various soybean meal sources and avizyme on chick growth performance and ileal digestible energy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvFKqtL0%3D&md5=38de27c51a04abb9c8d40a8c3ccbcf08CAS |
Dozier WA, Moran ET (2002) Dimension and light reflectance of broiler breast fillets: Influence of strain, sex, and feeding regimen. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 11, 202–208.
| Dimension and light reflectance of broiler breast fillets: Influence of strain, sex, and feeding regimen.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
El-Katcha MI, Soltan MA, El-Kaney HF, Karwarie ER (2014) Growth performance, blood parameters, immune response and carcass traits of broiler chicks fed on graded levels of wheat instead of corn without or with enzyme supplementation. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 40, 95–111.
| Growth performance, blood parameters, immune response and carcass traits of broiler chicks fed on graded levels of wheat instead of corn without or with enzyme supplementation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fru-Nji F, Kluenter AM, Fischer M, Pontoppidan K (2011) A feed serine protease improves broiler performance and increases protein and energy digestibility. The Journal of Poultry Science 48, 239–246.
Gao F, Jiang Y, Zhou GH, Han ZK (2008) The effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, blood parameters and gut microflora in broilers fed on wheat-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 142, 173–184.
| The effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, blood parameters and gut microflora in broilers fed on wheat-based diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjs1Wgu7c%3D&md5=702a618716e2a21fd5afbb5a8283c3e5CAS |
Ghazi S, Rooke JA, Galbraith H, Bedford MR (2002) The potential for the improvement of the nutritive value of soya-bean meal by different proteases in broiler chicks and broiler cockerels. British Poultry Science 43, 70–77.
| The potential for the improvement of the nutritive value of soya-bean meal by different proteases in broiler chicks and broiler cockerels.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjt1ymtbs%3D&md5=36b569d5c4a7ba54489885ae1eddc11fCAS |
Gumułka M, Banaś K, Rosół M (2009) Relationship of productivity and profitability of broiler chicken production to incidence of avian influenza in wild birds in Poland. Annals of Animal Science 9, 89–97.
Haque ME, Mustari A, Rahman MM (2014) Study on the effect of enzyme and methionine on growth performance and hemato-biochemical parameters in broilers. Journal of Minerals 1, 1–13.
Heady EO, Jensen HR (1954) ‘Farm management economics.’ (Prentice–Hall Inc.: Englewood Cliffs, NJ)
Hidalgo MA, Dozier WA, Davis AJ, Gordon RW (2004) Live performance and meat yield responses to progressive concentrations of dietary energy maintained at a constant metabolizable energy-to-crude protein ratio. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13, 319–327.
Kaczmarek SA, Rogiewicz A, Mogielnicka M, Rutkowski A, Jones RO, Slominski BA (2014) The effect of protease, amylase, and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme supplementation on nutrient utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. Poultry Science 93, 1745–1753.
| The effect of protease, amylase, and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme supplementation on nutrient utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal-based diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXht1Clt7bN&md5=b086fa79ea25e5cef143b65e2957faa8CAS |
Kerr BJ, Kidd MT (1999) Amino acid supplementation of low-protein broiler diets: 1. Glutamic acid and indispensable amino acid supplementation. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 8, 298–309.
| Amino acid supplementation of low-protein broiler diets: 1. Glutamic acid and indispensable amino acid supplementation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnvFagu7s%3D&md5=cc00ae80f6ae1e850d6356bbf5dde742CAS |
Marcu A, Vacaru-Opriş I, Dumitrescu G, Ciochină LP, Marcu A, Nicula M, Peţ I, Dronca D, Kelciov B, Mariş C (2013) The Influence of genetics on economic efficiency of broiler chickens growth. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 46, 239–246.
Murugesan GR, Romero LF, Persia ME (2014) Effects of protease, phytase and a bacillus sp. direct-fed microbial on nutrient and energy digestibility, ileal brush border digestive enzyme activity and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration in broiler chickens. PLoS One 9, e101888
| Effects of protease, phytase and a bacillus sp. direct-fed microbial on nutrient and energy digestibility, ileal brush border digestive enzyme activity and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration in broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Onu PN, Madubuike FN, Onu DO, Ekenyem BU (2011) Performance and economic analysis of broiler starter chicks fed enzyme supplemented sheep manure-based diets. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 6, 14–19.
Rada V, Foltyn M, Lichovníková M, Musilová A (2013) Effects of protease supplementation of low protein broiler diets on growth parameters and carcass characteristic. Mendelnet 2013, 268–272.
Rezaei M, Moghaddam HN, Reza JP, Kermanshahi H (2004) The effects of dietary protein and lysine levels on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and N excretion. International Journal of Poultry Science 3, 148–152.
| The effects of dietary protein and lysine levels on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and N excretion.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
SAS Institute, Inc. (2009) ‘SAS user’s guide: version 9.1 end.’ (SAS Institute Inc.: Cary, NC)
Yu B, Wu ST, Liu CC, Gauthier R, Chiou PWS (2007) Effects of enzyme inclusion in a maize-soybean diet on broiler performance. Animal Feed Science and Technology 134, 283–294.
| Effects of enzyme inclusion in a maize-soybean diet on broiler performance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjslGktL4%3D&md5=74c17b158dce6fd20071333dc192c213CAS |
Yuan L, Wang SQ, Wang ZX, Zhu H, Huang K (2015) Effects of exogenous protease supplementation on endogenous trypsin activity and gene expression in broilers. Genetics and Molecular Research 14, 13633–13641.
| Effects of exogenous protease supplementation on endogenous trypsin activity and gene expression in broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xmslahurs%3D&md5=e05cf277fc0b5c108b6ad61f2a4b18c9CAS |
Zhu HL, Hu LL, Hou YQ, Zhang J, Ding BY (2014) The effects of enzyme supplementation on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed corn-soybean diets. Poultry Science 93, 1704–1712.
| The effects of enzyme supplementation on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed corn-soybean diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXht1Clt7bK&md5=72367e410989bf85da84ec30a815310dCAS |
