Utilisation of giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) root meal with or without coconut oil slurry by layers and broilers
Siaka S. DiarraSchool of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of the South Pacific, Alafua Campus, Apia, Samoa. Email: diarra_s@usp.ac.fj; siakadi2012@gmail.com
Animal Production Science 58(2) 284-290 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN16322
Submitted: 14 May 2016 Accepted: 19 August 2016 Published: 18 October 2016
Abstract
Replacements of maize with Alocasia macrorrhiza root meal (AMRM) with or without added coconut oil slurry (COS) in poultry diets were investigated in a series of two experiments. In Experiment 1, the replacement of maize with two levels (10% and 20%) each of AMRM and AMRM–COS on egg production and egg quality was investigated. Experiment 2 investigated the same treatments as in Experiment 1 on broiler performance. In both experiments, each diet was fed to four replicates of 10 birds in a completely randomised design. There was no marked effect on feed intake (FI) in both experiments (P > 0.05). In Experiment 1, percentage hen-day production and feed conversion ratio were depressed (P < 0.05) on 20% AMRM and egg weight on 10% AMRM, but these depressing effects were overcome by COS addition. Egg mass was significantly (P < 0.05) increased on 20% AMRM–COS compared with the other AMRM groups, but did not differ (P > 0.05) between the control and AMRM–COS. Haugh unit and percentage shell were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). In Experiment 2, bodyweight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with the inclusion of AMRM in the diet, with the lowest gain on 20% AMRM–COS. Feed conversion ratio was adversely affected when AMRM was included at a concentration greater than 10% of dietary maize (P < 0.05). Coconut oil-slurry treatment of the meal did not improve performance. It was concluded that inclusion of AMRM at a concentration greater than 10% dietary maize adversely affects the performance of both layers and broilers. Treatment of AMRM with COS at 9 : 1 overcomes these adverse effects in laying hens, but not in broilers. More research is warranted on the effects of higher concentrations of COS-treated AMRM in the diet on layers, and on processing methods that will improve performance of poultry.
Additional keywords: alternative ingredients, high feed cost, poultry performance, processing.
References
AOAC (1990) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ 15th edn. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Washington, DC)Ayalew W (2011) Improved use of local feed resources for mitigating the effects of escalating food prices in PNG: a contribution for food security policy dialogue. In ‘The National Research Institute food security conference on high food prices in PNG’. 6–8 September 2011. (National Research Institute: Port Moresby, PNG)
Bartov I (1998) Lack of inter-relationship between the effects of dietary factors and withdrawal on carcass quality of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 39, 426–433.
| Lack of inter-relationship between the effects of dietary factors and withdrawal on carcass quality of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK1czlvVKqug%3D%3D&md5=2e470e13e2a966395cc5d2924d5ae278CAS | 9693827PubMed |
Chowdhury SR, Smith TK (2001) Effects of dietary 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) on eggshell quality and laying performance of hens laying thin-shelled eggs. Poultry Science 80, 1208–1214.
| Effects of dietary 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) on eggshell quality and laying performance of hens laying thin-shelled eggs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVylt70%3D&md5=19505f996eaac61fa500156f0467bde9CAS | 11495474PubMed |
Chowdhury K, Banu LA, Khan S, Latif A (2007) Studies on the fatty acid composition of edible oil. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 42, 311–316.
Eggum OL (1970) The protein quality of cassava leaves. British Journal of Nutrition 24, 761–769.
| The protein quality of cassava leaves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE3cXlt1ygu7k%3D&md5=d79ceb25a40632f6b788af71b7255991CAS |
Eisen EJ, Bohren BB, McKean HE (1962) The Haugh unit as a measure of egg albumen quality. Poultry Science 41, 1461–1468.
| The Haugh unit as a measure of egg albumen quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fisher C, Boorman KN (1986) Nutrient requirements of poultry and nutritional research. In ‘British poultry science symposium series 19’. (Eds C Fisher, KN Boorman) (Butterworth: London)
Florence J, Chevillotte H, Ollier C, Meyer JY (2013) ‘Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l’Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP).’ Available at http://www.herbier-tahiti.pf [Verified 12 May 2013]
Firman JD, Leigh H, Kamyab A (2010) Comparison of soybean oil with an animal/vegetable blend at four levels in broiler rations from hatch to market. International Journal of Poultry Science 9, 1027–1030.
| Comparison of soybean oil with an animal/vegetable blend at four levels in broiler rations from hatch to market.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFGmurzM&md5=5c641121b8564eb03e89f9f651116735CAS |
Katongole JBD, March BE (1980) Fat utilization in relation to intestinal fatty acid binding protein and bile salts in chicks of different ages and different genetic sources. Poultry Science 59, 819–827.
| Fat utilization in relation to intestinal fatty acid binding protein and bile salts in chicks of different ages and different genetic sources.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXhsl2murs%3D&md5=7be34b489738e7ccf55a34c7ab0b9061CAS |
Kidd MT, McDaniel CD, Branton SL, Miller ER, Boren BB, Fancher BI (2004) Increasing amino acid density improves live performance and carcass yields of commercial broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13, 593–604.
| Increasing amino acid density improves live performance and carcass yields of commercial broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXotF2isw%3D%3D&md5=15652eea73f93831d42850b2a2947a7eCAS |
Latshaw JD (2008) Daily energy intake of broiler chickens is altered by proximate nutrient content and form of diet. Poultry Science 87, 89–95.
| Daily energy intake of broiler chickens is altered by proximate nutrient content and form of diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVClurw%3D&md5=305f8cc3f1a295a1c657cfa3323f207cCAS | 18079455PubMed |
Mateos GG, Sell JL, Eastwood JJ (1982) Rate of food passage as influenced by the level of supplemental fat. Poultry Science 61, 94–100.
| Rate of food passage as influenced by the level of supplemental fat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL383itFyqtw%3D%3D&md5=9608fc99729e8bb9d238c736b5153a28CAS | 7088787PubMed |
NRC (1994) ‘Nutrient requirements of poultry.’ 9th revised edn. (National Academy Press: Washington, DC)
Pham ST, Nguyen VL, Dang HB (2005) Processing and use of Alocasia macrorrhiza (taro) roots for fattening pigs under mountainous village conditions. In ‘Workshop-seminar: making better use of local feed resources’. MEKARN-CTU, Cantho, 23–25 May 2005. (Eds R Preston, B. Ogle) Article #44. Available at http://www.mekarn.org/proctu/tiep44.htm [Verified 28 April 2012]
Pham ST, Nguyen VL, Trinh QT, Nguyen MH, Tran VT (2006) Study on the use of Alocasia macrorrhiza (roots and leaves) in diets for crossbred growing pigs under mountainous village conditions in northern Vietnam. In ‘Workshop-seminar: forages for pigs and rabbits’. MEKARN-CelAgrid, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 22–24 August 2006. Article #11. Available at http://www.mekarn.org/proprf/tiep.htm [Verified 15 August 2007]
Ravindran G, Ravindran V (1988) Changes in the nutritional composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves during maturity. Food Chemistry 27, 299–309.
| Changes in the nutritional composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves during maturity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXhvVGnu74%3D&md5=dff9e2468ffd08fedc55df0efa10b375CAS |
Ravindran V, Sivakanesan R, Cyril HW (1996) Nutritive value of raw and processed colocasia (Colocasia esculenta) corm meal for poultry. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57, 335–345.
| Nutritive value of raw and processed colocasia (Colocasia esculenta) corm meal for poultry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rogers DJ, Milner M (1963) Amino acid profile of manioc leaf protein in relation to nutritive value. Economic Botany 17, 211–216.
| Amino acid profile of manioc leaf protein in relation to nutritive value.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF3sXksFKktb8%3D&md5=aacadac8e4981a5e8baebad80278d270CAS |
Sanz M, Flores A, Lopez-Bote CJ (2000) The metabolic use of energy from dietary fat in broilers is affected by fatty acid saturation. British Poultry Science 41, 61–68.
| The metabolic use of energy from dietary fat in broilers is affected by fatty acid saturation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjsVeqt7k%3D&md5=d1ba5092f80e079685e2e60ec9d83048CAS | 10821524PubMed |
Savage GP, Vanhanen L, Mason SM, Ross AB (2000) Effect of cooking on the soluble and insoluble oxalic acid content of some New Zealand foods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 13, 201–206.
| Effect of cooking on the soluble and insoluble oxalic acid content of some New Zealand foods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjvVSktbk%3D&md5=73c32ec1971a23aca883e80e1711574fCAS |
Sell JL, Krogdahl A, Hanyu N (1986) Influence of age on utilization of supplemental fats by young turkeys. Poultry Science 65, 546
| Influence of age on utilization of supplemental fats by young turkeys.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL283gsFKnsQ%3D%3D&md5=b235263297788506453c9076946462b1CAS | 3703796PubMed |
Smith AC (1979) ‘Flora vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. Vol. I.’ (National Tropical Botanical Garden: Lawai, Kauai, HI)
Space JC, Lorence DH, LaRosa AM (2009) Report to the Republic of Palau: 2008 update on invasive plant species. USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI. Available at http://www.sprep.org/att/irc/ecopies/countries/palau/48.pdf [Verified 15 March 2014]
Steel RGD, Torrie JH (1980) ‘Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach.’ 2nd edn. (McGraw Hills Book Co.: New York)
USDA–ARS (2012) ‘Germplasm resources information network (GRIN).’ Online database. (National Germplasm Resources Laboratory: Beltsville, MD). Available at https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx [Verified 16 November 2015]
Wagner WL, Herbst DR, Sohmer SH (1999) ‘Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii.’ Rvsd edn. (University of Hawaii Press/Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, HI)
Wignjosoesastro N, Brooks CC, Herrick RB (1972) The effect of coconut meal and coconut oil in poultry rations on the performance of laying hens. Poultry Science 51, 1126–1132.
| The effect of coconut meal and coconut oil in poultry rations on the performance of laying hens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
