Diet quality and liveweight gain of steers grazing Leucaena–grass pasture estimated with faecal near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (F.NIRS)
R. M. Dixon A C and D. B. Coates BA Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, PO Box 6014, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia.
B CSIRO Davies Laboratory, Aitkenvale, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: rob.dixon@dpi.qld.gov.au
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48(7) 835-842 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08007
Submitted: 4 January 2008 Accepted: 13 April 2008 Published: 20 June 2008
Abstract
Three drafts of Bos indicus cross steers (initially 178–216 kg) grazed Leucaena–grass pasture [Leucaena leucocephala subspecies glabrata cv. Cunningham with green panic (Panicum maximum cv. trichoglume)] from late winter through to autumn during three consecutive years in the Burnett region of south-east Queensland. Measured daily weight gain (DWGActual) of the steers was generally 0.7–1.1 kg/day during the summer months. Estimated intakes of metabolisable energy and dry matter (DM) were calculated from feeding standards as the intakes required by the steers to grow at the DWGActual. Diet attributes were predicted from near infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra of faeces (F.NIRS) using established calibration equations appropriate for northern Australian forages. Inclusion of some additional reference samples from cattle consuming Leucaena diets into F.NIRS calibrations based on grass and herbaceous legume–grass pastures improved prediction of the proportion of Leucaena in the diet. Mahalanobis distance values supported the hypothesis that the F.NIRS predictions of diet crude protein concentration and DM digestibility (DMD) were acceptable. F.NIRS indicated that the percentage of Leucaena in the diet varied widely (10–99%). Diet crude protein concentration and DMD were usually high, averaging 12.4 and 62%, respectively, and were related asymptotically to the percentage of Leucaena in the diet (R2 = 0.48 and 0.33, respectively). F.NIRS calibrations for DWG were not satisfactory to predict this variable from an individual faecal sample since the s.e. of prediction were 0.33–0.40 kg/day. Cumulative steer liveweight (LW) predicted from F.NIRS DWG calibrations, which had been previously developed with tropical grass and grass–herbaceous legume pastures, greatly overestimated the measured steer LW; therefore, these calibrations were not useful. Cumulative steer LW predicted from a modified F.NIRS DWG calibration, which included data from the present study, was strongly correlated (R2 = 0.95) with steer LW but overestimated LW by 19–31 kg after 8 months. Additional reference data are needed to develop robust F.NIRS calibrations to encompass the diversity of Leucaena pastures of northern Australia. In conclusion, the experiment demonstrated that F.NIRS could improve understanding of diet quality and nutrient intake of cattle grazing Leucaena–grass pasture, and the relationships between nutrient supply and cattle growth.
Acknowledgements
We thank Meat and Livestock Australia for partial financial support for this research, and AgForce for access to the Brian Pastures Research Station facilities. We thank John Mullaly, Ken Huth and Don Roberton and other staff of the research station for management and sampling of the animals, and Kylee Welk for technical assistance at the CSIRO Davies Laboratory. Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee approval numbers were WLEAC027-01 and ARI058/2004.
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