Comparative responses of Lolium perenne and Phalaris aquatica to multiple growth stresses
B. R. Cullen A B C , D. F. Chapman A and P. E. Quigley BA School of Agriculture and Food Systems, Institute of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
B Primary Industries Research Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 105, Hamilton, Vic. 3300, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: bcullen@unimelb.edu.au
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46(9) 1131-1138 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA05014
Submitted: 28 January 2005 Accepted: 5 January 2006 Published: 4 August 2006
Abstract
The growth and carbon distribution patterns of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Yatsyn1) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Holdfast) were analysed in response to defoliation and limited nitrogen availability stresses, imposed both individually and in combination. Both species showed similar responses to defoliation and nitrogen limitation when applied individually. Defoliation increased proportional export of carbon from residual leaves and carbon distribution to tillers was increased at the expense of roots. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in increased export of carbon to the root system. These results are consistent with source–sink theory. A key finding from this study was that the species responded differently when defoliation and nitrogen limitation were imposed simultaneously. Under these conditions, carbon distribution patterns in phalaris resembled those seen in plants subjected to nitrogen stress, that is, favouring root growth. The response of perennial ryegrass was to continue to support shoot growth at the expense of roots. These results suggest a physiological basis for the poor survival of perennial ryegrass often observed under continuous grazing in dry regions of southern Australia. Results are discussed in relation to the environments to which each species is adapted, and the management requirements for species persistence in marginal environments.
Acknowledgments
The statistical support of Gavin Kearney at Hamilton is gratefully acknowledged. Brendan Cullen was supported by a Postgraduate Award from the Australian Research Council (grant number C19804878) and the Victorian Department of Natural Resources and Environment.
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