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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 65(2)

Mobilisation and replenishment of phosphorus reserves in Bos indicus cows. 2. Mature lactating cows fed diets deficient or adequate in phosphorus

R. M. Dixon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-9456 A * , M. A. Benvenutti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-6371 A G , K. L. Goodwin B , S. T. Anderson C , R. J. Mayer D , P. Isherwood E , L. J. Kidd F and M. T. Fletcher A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. Email: mary.fletcher@uq.edu.au

B Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brian Pastures Research Station, PO Box 118, Gayndah, Qld 4625, Australia. Email: kerry.goodwin@daf.qld.gov.au

C School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Email: stephen.anderson@uq.edu.au

D Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Maroochy Research Facility, PO Box 5083 SCMC, Nambour, Qld 4560, Australia. Email: rob.mayer1@hotmail.com

E School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia. Email: pisherwood101@gmail.com

F School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia. Email: l.kidd@uq.edu.au

G Present address: Queensland Department of Primary Industries, The University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. Email: marcelo.benvenutti@daf.qld.gov.au

* Correspondence to: r.dixon2@uq.edu.au

Handling Editor: Ed Charmley

Animal Production Science 65, AN24216 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN24216
Submitted: 2 July 2024  Accepted: 10 December 2024  Published: 9 January 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

Pastures growing on low phosphorus (P) soils are often P deficient, particularly for lactating cows.

Aim

To examine the effects of P-deficient diets on the performance of lactating multiparous cows.

Methods

From parturition, mature Bos indicus cross cows (n = 32, initially 474 kg liveweight (LW) and body condition score 3.5) were fed ad libitum for 14 weeks one of four diets: (i) high P (HP-HCa), (ii) low P with low calcium (LP-LCa), (iii) low P with high Ca (LP-HCa), or (iv) the LP-LCa diet with ammonium chloride (LP-LCa+ac).

Results

Voluntary feed intakes were higher for cows fed the HP-HCa than the three LP diets (23.1 vs 17.4–19.6 g DM/kg LW.day; P < 0.001). The HP-HCa cows gained 0.15 kg LW/day, whereas LP cows lost 0.14–0.51 kg LW/day; P < 0.05). The cows fed LP diets generally maintained milk production and calf growth comparable to that of HP-HCa cows (5.8 kg/day and 0.70 kg/day). The HP-HCa cows retained 6.0–6.4 g P/day from weeks 1–8, but P retention was negligible at week 14. The LP cows mobilised 4.9–9.1 g body P/day. Rib cortical bone shortly after parturition was 634 ± 127 (337–848) μg P/mm2 in the 12th rib, and indicated that the bone P reserves were deficient, marginal and adequate in 27, 37 and 37% of the cows, respectively. During lactation, rib bone P increased 23% in HP-HCa cows, changed little in the LP-LCa and LP-HCa cows (−4 and +7%), and decreased 13% (P < 0.05) in LP-LCa+ac cows. The change in rib cortical bone P during lactation was correlated with this measurement at parturition; the P per unit surface area of rib cortical bone of cows with low bone P at parturition did not change, but in cows with high bone P it decreased up to 16%. Plasma inorganic P averaged 1.49 mmol/L in the HP-HCa cows and <0.8 mmol/L in the LP cows. Plasma Ca, Ca/inorganic P ratio, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, bone alkaline phosphatase, and carboxy-terminal telepeptides of type 1 collagen increased during lactation (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) in the LP cows.

Conclusions

When fed acutely P-deficient diets, mature cows of moderate LW and with body condition scores at parturition generally maintained milk secretion and calf growth by mobilisation of body reserves.

Implications

The capacity of beef cows to maintain lactation when ingesting P-deficient diets provides opportunities for improved herd management.

Keywords: beef cows, bone minerals, calf growth, diet calcium, lactation, mobilisation, phosphorus, phosphorus deficiency.

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