Haemato-biochemical responses, worm burdens and Haemonchus contortus ultrastructural changes in lambs fed diets containing graded inclusion levels of sericea lespedeza
Leo Nyikadzino Mahachi A , Obert Chenjerayi Chikwanha A , Chenaimoyo Lufutuko Faith Katiyatiya A , Munyaradzi Christopher Marufu B , Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu C and Cletos Mapiye
A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
B Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X4, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
C Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa.
Animal Production Science 63(14) 1394-1409 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN23087
Submitted: 1 March 2023 Accepted: 22 June 2023 Published: 20 July 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Globally, sheep productivity is constrained by scarcity of high-quality feed and haemonchosis. These challenges may simultaneously be addressed by valorisation of nutraceutical forage legumes such as sericea lespedeza (SL) into sheep diets.
Aim: The current study determined the effects of feeding diets containing increasing inclusion levels of SL (0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75% and 25%) as replacement for lucerne on haematological, biochemical, and parasitological parameters in Haemonchus contortus-infected and non-infected lambs.
Methods: Bodyweights, body condition scores (BCS), FAMACHA© scores, faecal worm egg counts (FWEC), and haematological and biochemical parameters were recorded from 80 Dohne Merino intact male lambs assigned to diet-by-infection status-based treatments in a completely randomised design, with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments comprising of eight lambs per treatment during a 42-day feeding trial. Adult worms were collected, enumerated, and their ultra-structure was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy after slaughter.
Results: Diet, and diet × infection status had no effects on red blood-cell parameters of the lambs (P > 0.05). Eosinophils were affected by diet × infection status, being highest in non-infected lambs fed the control diet and lowest in infected lambs fed the 25% SL diet (P ≤ 0.05). Serum albumin, calcium and body condition scores declined (P ≤ 0.05) with increasing inclusion levels of SL in the diet. There was no influence of diet on lamb bodyweights, FAMACHA© scores, FWEC, and worm burdens. Dietary increments of SL disrupted the structural integrity of the head (χ2 = 28.43; ϕc = 0.493; P ≤ 0.05) of adult worms.
Conclusions: Sericea lespedeza may replace lucerne up to 25% in lamb feedlot diets, with minor negative effects on haematological and biochemical parameters, but offers little benefits for modulating Haemonchus contortus infection.
Implications: Beneficiation of biologically active alternative feed resources such as sericea lespedeza could help farmers adapt better to market changes through the development of enhanced livestock feed and pharmaceutical products, which could help alleviate losses associated with impoverished nutrition and gastrointestinal health of lambs.
Keywords: anthelminthics, blood metabolites, condensed tannins, faecal worm egg counts, fodder crops, haemonchosis, nutraceuticals, ruminant nutrition, worm structural integrity.
References
Abbott K, Hynd P, de Graaf S, Leahy T, Larsen J (2018) The energy and protein nutrition of grazing sheep. In ‘The practice of sheep veterinary medicine’. (Ed. K Abbott) pp. 104–142. (University of Adelaide Press) Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvb4bssr.10Acevedo-Ramírez PMdC, Hallal-Calleros C, Flores-Pérez I, Alba-Hurtado F, Mendoza-Garfías MB, del Campo NC, Barajas R (2019) Anthelmintic effect and tissue alterations induced in vitro by hydrolysable tannins on the adult stage of the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology 266, 1–6.
| Anthelmintic effect and tissue alterations induced in vitro by hydrolysable tannins on the adult stage of the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Acharya M, Burke JM, Coffey KP, Kegley EB, Miller JE, Huff GR, Smyth E, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Rosenkrans C (2015) Changes in hematology, serum biochemistry, and gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs fed sericea lespedeza with or without dietary sodium molybdate. Journal of Animal Science 93, 1952–1961.
| Changes in hematology, serum biochemistry, and gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs fed sericea lespedeza with or without dietary sodium molybdate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Acharya M, Burke JM, Coffey KP, Kegley EB, Miller JE, Smyth E, Welborn MG, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Rosenkrans C (2016) Changes in concentrations of trace minerals in lambs fed sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets with or without dietary sodium molybdate. Journal of Animal Science 94, 1592–1599.
| Changes in concentrations of trace minerals in lambs fed sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets with or without dietary sodium molybdate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
AOAC (2002) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ (Association of Official Analytical Chemists Incorporation: VA, USA)
Bonnet M, Cassar-Malek I, Chilliard Y, Picard B (2010) Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species. Animal 4, 1093–1109.
| Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burke JM, Miller JE (2020) Sustainable approaches to parasite control in ruminant livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 36, 89–107.
| Sustainable approaches to parasite control in ruminant livestock.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burke JM, Whitley NC, Pollard DA, Miller JE, Terrill TH, Moulton KE, Mosjidis JA (2011) Dose titration of sericea lespedeza leaf meal on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs and kids. Veterinary Parasitology 181, 345–349.
| Dose titration of sericea lespedeza leaf meal on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs and kids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burke JM, Miller JE, Mosjidis JA, Terrill TH (2012a) Use of a mixed sericea lespedeza and grass pasture system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs and kids. Veterinary Parasitology 186, 328–336.
| Use of a mixed sericea lespedeza and grass pasture system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs and kids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burke JM, Miller JE, Mosjidis JA, Terrill TH (2012b) Grazing sericea lespedeza for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs. Veterinary Parasitology 186, 507–512.
| Grazing sericea lespedeza for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burke JM, Miller JE, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA (2014) The effects of supplemental sericea lespedeza pellets in lambs and kids on growth rate. Livestock Science 159, 29–36.
| The effects of supplemental sericea lespedeza pellets in lambs and kids on growth rate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cardoso AR, Pires CC, Carvalho S, Galvani DB, Jochims F, Hastenpflug M, Wommer TP (2006) Intake of nutrients and performance of lambs fed with diets containing different levels of neutral detergent fiber. Ciencia Rural 36, 215–221.
| Intake of nutrients and performance of lambs fed with diets containing different levels of neutral detergent fiber.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ceï W, Salah N, Alexandre G, Bambou JC, Archimède H (2018) Impact of energy and protein on the gastro-intestinal parasitism of small ruminants: a meta-analysis. Livestock Science 212, 34–44.
| Impact of energy and protein on the gastro-intestinal parasitism of small ruminants: a meta-analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cériac S, Jayles C, Arquet R, Feuillet D, Félicité Y, Archimède H, Bambou J-C (2017) The nutritional status affects the complete blood count of goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. BMC Veterinary Research 13, 326
| The nutritional status affects the complete blood count of goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dias-Silva TP, Filho ALA, Katiki LM, Do Amarante AFT, Abdalla AL, Louvandini H (2020) Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in Santa Inês lambs: Impact on feed digestibility, blood markers, and nitrogen balance. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria 29, 1–7.
| Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in Santa Inês lambs: Impact on feed digestibility, blood markers, and nitrogen balance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dykes G, Terrill T, Whitley N, Singh A, Mosjidis J, Burke J, Miller J (2019) Effect of ground and pelleted sericea lespedeza whole plant and leaf only on gastrointestinal nematode and coccidial infection in goats. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A 9, 93–102.
| Effect of ground and pelleted sericea lespedeza whole plant and leaf only on gastrointestinal nematode and coccidial infection in goats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
El-ghousein SS (2010) Effect of some medicinal plants as feed additives on lactating Awassi ewe performance, milk composition, lamb growth and relevant blood items. Egyptian Journal of Animal Production 47, 37–49.
| Effect of some medicinal plants as feed additives on lactating Awassi ewe performance, milk composition, lamb growth and relevant blood items.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Freer M, Dove H, Nolan JV (2007) ‘Nutrient requirements of domesticated ruminants.’ (CSIRO Publishing)
Gallo SB, Brochado T, Ariboni Brandi R, da Silva Bueno IC, Passareli D, Birgel DB, Birgel Junior EH (2019) Implications of low fiber levels in finishing lambs on performance, health, rumen, and carcass parameters. Tropical Animal Health and Production 51, 767–773.
| Implications of low fiber levels in finishing lambs on performance, health, rumen, and carcass parameters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gujja S, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Miller JE, Mechineni A, Kommuru DS, Shaik SA, Lambert BD, Cherry NM, Burke JM (2013) Effect of supplemental sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets on gastrointestinal nematode infection in grazing goats. Veterinary Parasitology 191, 51–58.
| Effect of supplemental sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets on gastrointestinal nematode infection in grazing goats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hansen J, Perry B (1994) ‘The epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth parasites of ruminants.’ (International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases: Nairobi, Kenya) https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5877(97)83404-6
Harper K, McNeill D (2015) The role iNDF in the regulation of feed intake and the importance of its assessment in subtropical ruminant systems (the role of iNDF in the regulation of forage intake). Agriculture 5, 778–790.
| The role iNDF in the regulation of feed intake and the importance of its assessment in subtropical ruminant systems (the role of iNDF in the regulation of forage intake).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Quijada J, Chan-Perez I, Dakheel MM, Kommuru DS, Mueller-Harvey I, Terrill TH (2016) Interactions between nutrition and infections with Haemonchus contortus and related gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. In ‘Advances in parasitology’. (Eds RB Gasser, GV Samson-Himmelstjerna) pp. 239–351. (Elsevier) https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025
Jan OQ, Kamili N, Ashraf A, Iqbal A, Sharma RK, Rastogi A (2015) Haematobiochemical parameters of goats fed tannin rich Psidium guajava and Carissa spinarum against Haemonchus contortus infection in India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 39, 41–48.
| Haematobiochemical parameters of goats fed tannin rich Psidium guajava and Carissa spinarum against Haemonchus contortus infection in India.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jiménez-Penago G, Hernández-Mendo O, González-Garduño R, Torres-Hernández G, Torres-Chablé OM, Maldonado-Simán E (2021) Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration as haematological marker to detect changes in red blood cells in sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Research Communications 45, 189–197.
| Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration as haematological marker to detect changes in red blood cells in sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (2008) ‘Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals.’ (Academic Press)
Kommuru DS, Whitley NC, Miller JE, Mosjidis JA, Burke JM, Gujja S, Mechineni A, Terrill TH (2015) Effect of sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets on adult female Haemonchus contortus in goats. Veterinary Parasitology 207, 170–175.
| Effect of sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets on adult female Haemonchus contortus in goats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mahachi LN, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CLF, Marufu MC, Aremu AO, Mapiye C (2020) Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza juncea var. sericea) for sustainable small ruminant production: feed, helminth suppressant and meat preservation capabilities. Animal Feed Science and Technology 270, 114688
| Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza juncea var. sericea) for sustainable small ruminant production: feed, helminth suppressant and meat preservation capabilities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mahachi LN, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CLF, Marufu MC, Aremu AO, Mapiye C (2023a) Effects of substituting sericea lespedeza for lucerne on nutrient digestibility and utilization in feedlot lambs. Small Ruminant Research 222, 106955
| Effects of substituting sericea lespedeza for lucerne on nutrient digestibility and utilization in feedlot lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mahachi LN, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CLF, Marufu MC, Aremu AO, Mapiye C (2023b) Meat production, quality, and oxidative shelf-life of Haemonchus-parasitised and non-parasitised lambs fed incremental levels of sericea lespedeza substituted for lucerne. Meat Science 195, 109009
| Meat production, quality, and oxidative shelf-life of Haemonchus-parasitised and non-parasitised lambs fed incremental levels of sericea lespedeza substituted for lucerne.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Makkar HPS (2016) Animal nutrition in a 360-degree view and a framework for future R&D work: towards sustainable livestock production. Animal Production Science 56, 1561
| Animal nutrition in a 360-degree view and a framework for future R&D work: towards sustainable livestock production.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Makkar HPS, Siddhuraju P, Becker K (2007) Tannins. In ‘Plant secondary metabolites’. (Eds HPS Makkar, P Siddhuraju, K Becker) pp. 67–81. (Humana Press Inc.: NJ, USA)
Martínez-Ortíz-de-Montellano C, Arroyo-López C, Fourquaux I, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Sandoval-Castro CA, Hoste H (2013) Scanning electron microscopy of Haemonchus contortus exposed to tannin-rich plants under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Experimental Parasitology 133, 281–286.
| Scanning electron microscopy of Haemonchus contortus exposed to tannin-rich plants under in vivo and in vitro conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano C, Torres-Acosta JFdJ, Fourquaux I, Sandoval-Castro CA, Hoste H (2019) Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats. Parasite 26, 65
| Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Marume U, Chimonyo M, Dzama K (2011) A preliminary study on the responses to experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in indigenous goat genotypes. Small Ruminant Research 95, 70–74.
| A preliminary study on the responses to experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in indigenous goat genotypes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mechineni A, Kommuru DS, Gujja S, Mosjidis JA, Miller JE, Burke JM, Ramsay A, Mueller-Harvey I, Kannan G, Lee JH, Kouakou B, Terrill TH (2014) Effect of fall-grazed sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) on gastrointestinal nematode infections of growing goats. Veterinary Parasitology 204, 221–228.
| Effect of fall-grazed sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) on gastrointestinal nematode infections of growing goats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Min BR, Hart SP (2003) Tannins for suppression of internal parasites. Journal of Animal Science 81, E102–E109. https://academic.oup.com/jas/article-abstract/81/14_suppl_2/E102/4789858?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Min BR, Solaiman S (2018) Comparative aspects of plant tannins on digestive physiology, nutrition and microbial community changes in sheep and goats: a review. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, 1181–1193.
| Comparative aspects of plant tannins on digestive physiology, nutrition and microbial community changes in sheep and goats: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ndlovu T, Chimonyo M, Okoh AI, Muchenje V, Dzama K, Raats JG (2007) Assessing the nutritional status of beef cattle: current practices and future prospects. African Journal of Biotechnology 6, 2727–2734.
| Assessing the nutritional status of beef cattle: current practices and future prospects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nolte JvE, Löest CA, Ferreira AV, Waggoner JW, Mathis CP (2008) Limiting amino acids for growing lambs fed a diet low in ruminally undegradable protein. Journal of Animal Science 86, 2627–2641.
| Limiting amino acids for growing lambs fed a diet low in ruminally undegradable protein.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Olafadehan OA (2011) Changes in haematological and biochemical diagnostic parameters of Red Sokoto goats fed tannin-rich Pterocarpus erinaceus forage diets. Veterinarski Arhiv 81, 471–483.
Oliveira OFd, Muir JP, Cherry NM, Lambert BD, Ramirez HAR, Santos MVFd (2017) Does initial body condition affect wether kid feed intake and performance when fed alfalfa or Lespedeza cuneata L.? Small Ruminant Research 154, 98–104.
| Does initial body condition affect wether kid feed intake and performance when fed alfalfa or Lespedeza cuneata L.?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pathak AK, Dutta N, Banerjee PS, Pattanaik AK, Sharma K (2013) Influence of dietary supplementation of condensed tannins through leaf meal mixture on intake, nutrient utilization and performance of Haemonchus contortus infected sheep. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 26, 1446–1458.
| Influence of dietary supplementation of condensed tannins through leaf meal mixture on intake, nutrient utilization and performance of Haemonchus contortus infected sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pech-Cervantes AA, Terrill TH, Ogunade IM, Estrada-Reyes ZM (2021) Meta-analysis of the effects of dietary inclusion of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) forage on performance, digestibility, and rumen fermentation of small ruminants. Livestock Science 253, 104707
| Meta-analysis of the effects of dietary inclusion of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) forage on performance, digestibility, and rumen fermentation of small ruminants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pereira DM, Oliveira JSd, Santos EM, de Carvalho GGP, Azevedo JAGd, Corrêa YR, Perazzo AF, Assis DYCd, Leite GM, Gomes PGB, Santos MAC, Viana NB (2022) Productive performance and ingestive behaviour of feedlot finished Santa Ines lambs on diets containing differing fibre levels. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 65, 213–226.
| Productive performance and ingestive behaviour of feedlot finished Santa Ines lambs on diets containing differing fibre levels.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Porter LJ, Hrstich LN, Chan BG (1985) The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin. Phytochemistry 25, 223–230.
| The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Saro C, Mateo J, Caro I, Carballo DE, Fernández M, Valdés C, Bodas R, Giráldez FJ (2020) Effect of dietary crude protein on animal performance, blood biochemistry profile, ruminal fermentation parameters and carcass and meat quality of heavy fattening Assaf lambs. Animals 10, 2177
| Effect of dietary crude protein on animal performance, blood biochemistry profile, ruminal fermentation parameters and carcass and meat quality of heavy fattening Assaf lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P (2015) Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: antioxidant activity and health effects – a review. Journal of Functional Foods 18, 820–897.
| Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: antioxidant activity and health effects – a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shaik SA, Terrill TH, Miller JE, Kouakou B, Kannan G, Kaplan RM, Burke JM, Mosjidis JA (2006) Sericea lespedeza hay as a natural deworming agent against gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats. Veterinary Parasitology 139, 150–157.
| Sericea lespedeza hay as a natural deworming agent against gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Singh A, Owen V, Dykes G, Naumann H, Mahapatra A, Terrill T (2019) Effect of ensiling on nutritional properties of sericea lespedeza alone or in mixtures with alfalfa. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A 9, 310–322.
| Effect of ensiling on nutritional properties of sericea lespedeza alone or in mixtures with alfalfa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Solaiman S, Thomas J, Dupre Y, Min BR, Gurung N, Terrill TH, Haenlein GFW (2010) Effect of feeding sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of Kiko crossbred male kids. Small Ruminant Research 93, 149–156.
| Effect of feeding sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of Kiko crossbred male kids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Szewc M, De Waal T, Zintl A (2021) Biological methods for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes. The Veterinary Journal 268, 105 602
| Biological methods for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA (2017) Smart man’s sericea lespedeza and worm control: a review. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A 7, 143–150.
| Smart man’s sericea lespedeza and worm control: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thomas M, van Vliet T, van der Poel AFB (1998) Physical quality of pelleted animal feed 3. Contribution of feedstuff components. Animal Feed Science and Technology 70, 59–78.
| Physical quality of pelleted animal feed 3. Contribution of feedstuff components.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thompson JM, Meyer HH (1994) ‘Body condition scoring of sheep.’ (Oregon State University, Extension Service) https://doi.org/10.1136/inpract.6.3.91
Toscano JHB, dos Santos IB, von Haehling MB, Giraldelo LA, Lopes LG, da Silva MH, Figueiredo A, Esteves SN, Chagas ACdS (2019) Morada Nova sheep breed: resistant or resilient to Haemonchus contortus infection? Veterinary Parasitology 276S, 100019
| Morada Nova sheep breed: resistant or resilient to Haemonchus contortus infection?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tzeng S-H, Ko W-C, Ko F-N, Teng C-M (1991) Inhibition of platelet aggregation by some flavonoids. Thrombosis Research 64, 91–100.
| Inhibition of platelet aggregation by some flavonoids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vahabzadeh M, Chamani M, Dayani O, Sadeghi AA, Mohammadabadi MR (2020) Effect of Origanum majorana leaf (Sweet marjoram) feeding on lamb’s growth, carcass characteristics and blood biochemical parameters. Small Ruminant Research 192, 106233
| Effect of Origanum majorana leaf (Sweet marjoram) feeding on lamb’s growth, carcass characteristics and blood biochemical parameters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Van Wyk JA, Bath GF (2002) The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats by clinically identifying individual animals for treatment. Veterinary Research 33, 509–529.
| The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats by clinically identifying individual animals for treatment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang W, Patra AK, Puchala R, Ribeiro L, Gipson TA, Goetsch AL (2022) Effects of dietary inclusion of sericea lespedeza hay on feed intake, digestion, nutrient utilization, growth performance, and ruminal fermentation and methane emission of Alpine doelings and Katahdin ewe lambs. Animals 12, 2064
| Effects of dietary inclusion of sericea lespedeza hay on feed intake, digestion, nutrient utilization, growth performance, and ruminal fermentation and methane emission of Alpine doelings and Katahdin ewe lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yoshihara E, Minho AP, Tabacow VBD, Cardim ST, Yamamura MH (2015) Ultrastructural changes in the Haemonchus contortus cuticle exposed to Acacia mearnsii extract. Semina:Ciencias Agrarias 36, 3763–3768.
| Ultrastructural changes in the Haemonchus contortus cuticle exposed to Acacia mearnsii extract.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang J, Gao Y, Guo H, Ding Y, Ren W (2019) Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions. BMC Veterinary Research 15, 469
| Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhong RZ, Fang Y, Wang YQ, Sun HX, Zhou DW (2016) Effects of substituting finely ground sorghum for finely ground corn on feed digestion and meat quality in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus. Animal Feed Science and Technology 211, 31–40.
| Effects of substituting finely ground sorghum for finely ground corn on feed digestion and meat quality in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
