Effects of micronised bamboo powder on growth performance, intestinal development, caecal chyme microflora and metabolic pathway of broilers aged 24–45 days
Fawen Dai
A B # * , Tao Lin C # , Xia Huang A B , Yaojun Yang A B , Xiang Nong A B , Jianjun Zuo D and Dingyuan Feng D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Binghe Road, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, China.
B Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, China.
C Guang’an Feed Industry Management Office, Guang’an, Sichuan 638000, China.
D College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
* Correspondence to: 45912126@qq.com
# These authors contributed equally to this paper
Handling Editor: Natalie Morgan
Animal Production Science 63(12) 1196-1207 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN22363
Submitted: 28 September 2022 Accepted: 27 April 2023 Published: 29 May 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Context: Our previous study revealed that micronised bamboo powder (MBP) can promote the growth performance of broilers aged 1–22 days by improving oxidation resistance, balancing intestinal microflora and regulating metabolic pathways.
Aims: This study evaluates the effects of MBP on growth performance, intestinal development, caecal chyme microflora and metabolic pathways of broilers during the grower period, age 24–45 days.
Methods: Slow-growing spotted-brown broilers (n = 880, age 24 days) were randomly divided into two groups according to weight and sex and fed either a maize-based diet (control) or a diet with MBP at 1% replacing equivalent maize.
Key results: No significant difference was observed in growth performance between MBP and control groups. Broilers receiving MBP exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) caecal organ index, jejunum villus height and villi:crypt ratio. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was higher, and relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in the MBP group. Addition of MBP also significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated abundance of p_Firmicutes, f_Alicyclobacillaceae, g_Acutalibacter, f_Peptococcaceae, f_Clostridiaceae, f_Bacillaceae, g_Enterococcus and f_Enterococcaceae, while downregulating abundance of p_Bacteroidetes, f_Bacteroidaceae, g_Bacteroides, o_Bacteroidales and c_Bacteroidia. For the metabolic pathways, 66 were observed to differ between dietary groups, including alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism, butyric acid metabolism, arginine synthesis, linoleic acid metabolism and β-alanine metabolism. Correlation analysis revealed that Firmicutes in caecal chyme were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.05) with some fatty acids including syringic, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic and butyric acids. Bacteroidetes were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with some amino acids including L-alanine, L-threonine, 3-methylthiopropionic acid and L-glutamic acid.
Conclusions: Replacing maize with MBP at 1% had no negative effect on growth performance of broilers. Feeding MBP improved intestinal development and increased the relative abundance of bacteria that promotes fatty acid metabolism and fibre degradation.
Implications: MBP provides an alternative to maize and is a beneficial source of fibre; further research is warranted to determine the optimum feeding level.
Keywords: broiler, correlation, growth performance, intestinal development, intestinal microflora, metabolic pathway, micronised bamboo powder (MBP), replacing corn.
References
AOAC (2007) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ 18th edn. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC): Arlington, VA, USA)Artzi L, Bayer EA, Moraïs S (2017) Cellulosomes: bacterial nanomachines for dismantling plant polysaccharides. Nature Reviews Microbiology 15, 83–95.
| Cellulosomes: bacterial nanomachines for dismantling plant polysaccharides.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bai X, He Y, Quan B, Xia T, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Wang M (2022) Physicochemical properties, structure, and ameliorative effects of insoluble dietary fiber from tea on slow transit constipation. Food Chemistry: X 14, 100340
| Physicochemical properties, structure, and ameliorative effects of insoluble dietary fiber from tea on slow transit constipation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Berrocoso JD, García-Ruiz A, Page G, Jaworski NW (2020) The effect of added oat hulls or sugar beet pulp to diets containing rapidly or slowly digestible protein sources on broiler growth performance from 0 to 36 days of age. Poultry Science 99, 6859–6866.
| The effect of added oat hulls or sugar beet pulp to diets containing rapidly or slowly digestible protein sources on broiler growth performance from 0 to 36 days of age.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bersalona CB (2015) Bamboo leaves as chicken feed and fodder. In ‘10th world bamboo congress, 17–22 September 2015, South Korea’. (World Bamboo Organization)
Dai FW, Lin T, Su BY, Yao HM, Gu DC, Yang YJ (2021) Effects of feeding bamboo powder on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and fecal microorganism of weaned piglets. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition 33, 6709–6720.
Dai F, Lin T, Cheng L, Wang J, Zuo J, Feng D (2022) Effects of micronized bamboo powder on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, cecal chyme microflora and metabolism of broilers aged 1-22 days. Tropical Animal Health and Production 54, 166
| Effects of micronized bamboo powder on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, cecal chyme microflora and metabolism of broilers aged 1-22 days.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Felisberto MHF, Miyake PSE, Beraldo AL, Clerici MTPS (2017) Young bamboo culm: potential food as source of fiber and starch. Food Research International 101, 96–102.
| Young bamboo culm: potential food as source of fiber and starch.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
He M-X, Wang J-L, Qin H, Shui Z-X, Zhu Q-L, Wu B, Tan F-R, Pan K, Hu Q-C, Dai L-C, Wang W-G, Tang X-Y, Hu GQ (2014) Bamboo: a new source of carbohydrate for biorefinery. Carbohydrate Polymers 111, 645–654.
| Bamboo: a new source of carbohydrate for biorefinery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hu P, Wang L, Hu Z, Jiang L, Hu H, Rao Z, Wu L, Tang Z (2021) Effects of multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets with different crude fiber levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora of finishing pigs. Animals (Basel) 11, 3079
| Effects of multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets with different crude fiber levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora of finishing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jiménez-Moreno E, de Coca-Sinova A, González-Alvarado JM, Mateos GG (2016) Inclusion of insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellet diets for young broilers. 1. Effects on growth performance and water intake. Poultry Science 95, 41–52.
| Inclusion of insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellet diets for young broilers. 1. Effects on growth performance and water intake.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jiménez-Moreno E, González-Alvarado JM, de Coca-Sinova A, Lázaro RP, Cámara L, Mateos GG (2019) Insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellets diets for young broilers. 2. Effects on gastrointestinal tract development and nutrient digestibility. Poultry Science 98, 2531–2547.
| Insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellets diets for young broilers. 2. Effects on gastrointestinal tract development and nutrient digestibility.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kheravii SK, Swick RA, Choct M, Wu S-B (2017) Coarse particle inclusion and lignocellulose-rich fiber addition in feed benefit performance and health of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 96, 3272–3281.
| Coarse particle inclusion and lignocellulose-rich fiber addition in feed benefit performance and health of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Leth ML, Ejby M, Workman C, Ewald DA, Pedersen SS, Sternberg C, Bahl MI, Licht TR, Aachmann FL, Westereng B, Abou Hachem M (2018) Differential bacterial capture and transport preferences facilitate co-growth on dietary xylan in the human gut. Nature Microbiology 3, 570–580.
| Differential bacterial capture and transport preferences facilitate co-growth on dietary xylan in the human gut.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Li M, Li C, Song S, Zhao F, Xu X, Zhou G (2016) Meat proteins had different effects on oligopeptide transporter PEPT1 in the small intestine of young rats. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 67, 995–1004.
| Meat proteins had different effects on oligopeptide transporter PEPT1 in the small intestine of young rats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Li B, Leblois J, Taminiau B, Schroyen M, Beckers Y, Bindelle J, Everaert N (2018) The effect of inulin and wheat bran on intestinal health and microbiota in the early life of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 97, 3156–3165.
| The effect of inulin and wheat bran on intestinal health and microbiota in the early life of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lin R, Liu W, Piao M, Zhu H (2017) A review of the relationship between the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism. Amino Acids 49, 2083–2090.
| A review of the relationship between the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Makkar HPS (2018) Review: Feed demand landscape and implications of food-not feed strategy for food security and climate change. Animal 12, 1744–1754.
| Review: Feed demand landscape and implications of food-not feed strategy for food security and climate change.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mustafa U, Naeem N, Masood S, Farooq Z (2016) Effect of bamboo powder supplementation on physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of fortified cookies. Food Science and Technology 4, 7–13.
| Effect of bamboo powder supplementation on physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of fortified cookies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nassar MK, Lyu S, Zentek J, Brockmann GA (2019) Dietary fiber content affects growth, body composition, and feed intake and their associations with a major growth locus in growing male chickens of an advanced intercross population. Livestock Science 227, 135–142.
| Dietary fiber content affects growth, body composition, and feed intake and their associations with a major growth locus in growing male chickens of an advanced intercross population.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pourazadi Z, Salari S, Tabandeh MR, Abdollahi MR (2020) Effect of particle size of insoluble fibre on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility and caecal microbial population in broiler chickens fed barley-containing diets. British Poultry Science 61, 734–745.
| Effect of particle size of insoluble fibre on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility and caecal microbial population in broiler chickens fed barley-containing diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rattanawut J (2014) Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including bamboo vinegar liquid supplementation on growth performance, fecal microflora population and intestinal morphology in betong chickens. The Journal of Poultry Science 51, 165–171.
| Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including bamboo vinegar liquid supplementation on growth performance, fecal microflora population and intestinal morphology in betong chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rognes T, Flouri T, Nichols B, Quince C, Mahé F (2016) VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics. PeerJ 4, e2584
| VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Röhe I, Metzger F, Vahjen W, Brockmann GA, Zentek J (2020) Effect of feeding different levels of lignocellulose on performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta dry matter, and intestinal microbiota in slow growing broilers. Poultry Science 99, 5018–5026.
| Effect of feeding different levels of lignocellulose on performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta dry matter, and intestinal microbiota in slow growing broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rubinelli PM, Kim SA, Park SH, Roto SM, Nealon NJ, Ryan EP, Ricke SC (2017) Differential effects of rice bran cultivars to limit Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken cecal in vitro incubations and impact on the cecal microbiome and metabolome. PLoS ONE 12, e0185002
| Differential effects of rice bran cultivars to limit Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken cecal in vitro incubations and impact on the cecal microbiome and metabolome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sergeant MJ, Constantinidou C, Cogan TA, Bedford MR, Penn CW, Pallen MJ (2014) Extensive microbial and functional diversity within the chicken cecal microbiome. PLoS ONE 9, e91941
| Extensive microbial and functional diversity within the chicken cecal microbiome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shang Q, Wu D, Liu H, Mahfuz S, Piao X (2020) The impact of wheat bran on the morphology and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens. Animals (Basel) 10, 1831
| The impact of wheat bran on the morphology and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sozcu A (2019) Growth performance, pH value of gizzard, hepatic enzyme activity, immunologic indicators, intestinal histomorphology, and cecal microflora of broilers fed diets supplemented with processed lignocellulose. Poultry Science 98, 6880–6887.
| Growth performance, pH value of gizzard, hepatic enzyme activity, immunologic indicators, intestinal histomorphology, and cecal microflora of broilers fed diets supplemented with processed lignocellulose.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Speroni CS, Bender ABB, Stiebe J, Ballus CA, Ávila PF, Goldbeck R, Morisso FDP, Silva LPd, Emanuelli T (2020) Granulometric fractionation and micronization: a process for increasing soluble dietary fiber content and improving technological and functional properties of olive pomace. LWT - Food Science and Technology 130, 109526
| Granulometric fractionation and micronization: a process for increasing soluble dietary fiber content and improving technological and functional properties of olive pomace.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Suen G, Weimer PJ, Stevenson DM, Aylward FO, Boyum J, Deneke J, Drinkwater C, Ivanova NN, Mikhailova N, Chertkov O, Goodwin LA, Currie CR, Mead D, Brumm PJ (2011) The complete genome sequence of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 reveals a cellulolytic and metabolic specialist. PLoS ONE 6, e18814
| The complete genome sequence of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 reveals a cellulolytic and metabolic specialist.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sun B, Hou L, Yang Y (2021a) The development of the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids of layer chickens in different growth periods. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8, 666535
| The development of the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids of layer chickens in different growth periods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sun B, Hou L, Yang Y (2021b) Effects of adding eubiotic lignocellulose on the growth performance, laying performance, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids of two breeds of hens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8, 668003
| Effects of adding eubiotic lignocellulose on the growth performance, laying performance, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids of two breeds of hens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Swanson KS, de Vos WM, Martens EC, Gilbert JA, Menon RS, Soto-Vaca A, Hautvast J, Meyer PD, Borewicz K, Vaughan EE, Slavin JL (2020) Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review. Beneficial Microbes 11, 101–129.
| Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tejeda OJ, Kim WK (2020) The effects of cellulose and soybean hulls as sources of dietary fiber on the growth performance, organ growth, gut histomorphology, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 99, 6828–6836.
| The effects of cellulose and soybean hulls as sources of dietary fiber on the growth performance, organ growth, gut histomorphology, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tejeda OJ, Kim WK (2021) Effects of fiber type, particle size, and inclusion level on the growth performance, digestive organ growth, intestinal morphology, intestinal viscosity, and gene expression of broilers. Poultry Science 100, 101397
| Effects of fiber type, particle size, and inclusion level on the growth performance, digestive organ growth, intestinal morphology, intestinal viscosity, and gene expression of broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.
| Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang L, Tan X, Wang H, Wang Q, Huang P, Li Y, Li J, Huang J, Yang H, Yin Y (2021a) Effects of varying dietary folic acid during weaning stress of piglets. Animal Nutrition 7, 101–110.
| Effects of varying dietary folic acid during weaning stress of piglets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang J, Singh AK, Kong F, Kim WK (2021b) Effect of almond hulls as an alternative ingredient on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota diversity. Poultry Science 100, 100853
| Effect of almond hulls as an alternative ingredient on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbiota diversity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wu W, Hu J, Gao H, Chen H, Fang X, Mu H, Han Y, Liu R (2020) The potential cholesterol-lowering and prebiotic effects of bamboo shoot dietary fibers and their structural characteristics. Food Chemistry 332, 127372
| The potential cholesterol-lowering and prebiotic effects of bamboo shoot dietary fibers and their structural characteristics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yokhana JS, Parkinson G, Frankel TL (2016) Effect of insoluble fiber supplementation applied at different ages on digestive organ weight and digestive enzymes of layer-strain poultry. Poultry Science 95, 550–559.
| Effect of insoluble fiber supplementation applied at different ages on digestive organ weight and digestive enzymes of layer-strain poultry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhai X, Lin D, Zhao Y, Li W, Yang X (2018) Effects of dietary fiber supplementation on fatty acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota diversity in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, 12706–12718.
| Effects of dietary fiber supplementation on fatty acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota diversity in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhao G, Zhang R, Dong L, Huang F, Tang X, Wei Z, Zhang M (2018) Particle size of insoluble dietary fiber from rice bran affects its phenolic profile, bioaccessibility and functional properties. LWT - Food Science and Technology 87, 450–456.
| Particle size of insoluble dietary fiber from rice bran affects its phenolic profile, bioaccessibility and functional properties.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhu Y, Huang J, Wang K, Wang B, Sun S, Lin X, Song L, Wu A, Li H (2020) Characterization of lignin structures in Phyllostachys edulis (Moso Bamboo) at different ages. Polymers (Basel) 12, 187
| Characterization of lignin structures in Phyllostachys edulis (Moso Bamboo) at different ages.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
