Influence of calf vigour and suckling assistance from birth to weaning in Guzerá beef cattle
Bianca Vilela Pires
A D , Luara Afonso de Freitas A , Gabriele Voltareli da Silva B , Sérgio Brasil Garcia Pimenta Neves Pereira Lima C , Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo C , Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza C , Maria Lúcia Pereira de Lima C and Claudia Cristina Paro de Paz A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
B Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Jardim Elite, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
C Beef Cattle Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Rodovia Carlos Tonanni, Km 94, Caixa Postal 63, 14160-900, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil.
D Corresponding author. Email: bianca2510@outlook.com
Animal Production Science 61(8) 790-799 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN20056
Submitted: 19 February 2020 Accepted: 27 January 2021 Published: 4 March 2021
Abstract
Context: Maternal ability, cow nutrition, and calf sex are factors that affect beef cattle production in extensive systems. The Guzerá cattle is an important breed in Brazil, where satisfactory growth rates are reported; however, studies on post-parturition calf and cow behaviour are scarce.
Aims: This study aimed to identify the influence of vigour at birth (ability to stand and suckle without assistance) and human assistance in colostrum intake (HA) on the haematological profile, cortisol concentration, and growth until weaning of Guzerá beef calf.
Methods: The following traits were observed in 73 male and 83 female calves: cow age at calving, sex, birthweight, vigour, HA, haematological profile, cortisol concentration, bodyweight at 120 days (W120), weaning weight, average daily gain and mortality. Variance analysis was performed using the general linear model procedure of the SAS software.
Key results: Haematocrit (P = 0.04) and red blood cells (P = 0.004) were higher in calves requiring HA. Cortisol was also higher (P = 0.03) in calves that required HA (81.34 ng/mL × 59.40 ng/mL). The weaning weight and average daily gain were higher (P < 0.05) in calves that did not require HA and showed good vigour (200.38 kg and 0.83 kg/day respectively) than in calves that required HA and showed good vigour (163.7 kg and 0.68 kg/day respectively). The mortality rate was higher in calves that showed poor vigour at birth (25%).
Conclusions: Both vigour and the need for HA are important traits that should be evaluated during the development of newborn calves. These assessments in the herd can contribute to minimise the mortality rate and maximise the health and weight gain until weaning of beef calves.
Implications: Few studies have reported the role of vigour and colostrum intake in the development of calves. Despite the difficulty of human interference in extensive cattle farming, the calf vigour combined with human assistance at birth can minimise the losses and increase the performance of beef cattle.
Keywords: Bos taurus indicus, calf health, cow–calf behavior, growth, post-calving.
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