Nano selenium improves humoral immunity, growth performance and breast-muscle selenium concentration of broiler chickens
Esmail Mohammadi A , Hossein Janmohammadi A D , Majid Olyayee
A , Javad Ashrafi Helan B and Somayeh Kalanaky C
A Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran.
B Division of Pathology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
C Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 1415944341, Iran.
D Corresponding author. Email: mehrzad.hossein@gmail.com
Animal Production Science 60(16) 1902-1910 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19581
Submitted: 7 October 2019 Accepted: 26 April 2020 Published: 23 June 2020
Abstract
Context: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and plays pivotal roles in poultry nutrition.
Aims: The present study was designed to compare the impact of dietary supplementation of different sources of Se on growth performance, Se concentration of breast meat, and immune response of broiler chickens.
Methods: In total, 300 1-day-old as hatched broilers were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments, with five replicates of 10 birds per each. The experimental diets were as follows: (1) corn–soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.30 mg/kg of sodium selenite, (2) basal diet supplemented with 0.30 mg/kg of Se-enriched yeast, and (3–6) basal diet supplemented with 0.15, 0.30, 0.90 and 1.50 mg/kg of nano-Se respectively. Humoral immunity was assessed by antibody titer against a 5% sheep red blood-cell suspension and cellular immunity was measured by administration of phytohaemagglutinin-p at 38 days.
Key results: Results indicated that during the periods from 1 to 10 days, from 11 to 24 days, from 25 to 42 days and from 1 to 42 days, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio did not differ among the treatments (P > 0.05). Assessment of orthogonal contrasts at the whole phase of feeding showed that the average daily gain in the broilers fed organic Se was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in those fed inorganic Se, as well as nano-Se in comparison to organic Se; such effects were not observed in earlier feeding stages. Se supplementation significantly increased the Se concentration of breast muscle (P < 0.0001). The birds that received 1.50 mg/kg of diet nano-Se showed higher (P < 0.05) total immunoglobulin and IgG titers in primary and secondary immune responses against sheep erythrocytes respectively. Toe web swelling after 24 h and 48 h of receiving phytohaemagglutinin-p was not affected by Se supplementation (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: In conclusion, the addition of nano-Se gave better results than did inorganic (sodium selenite) and organic (yeast selenium) forms of Se in performance traits, breast meat Se concentration and antibody response of broilers.
Implications: Novel elemental nanometer particulates, including nano-Se, exhibit new characteristics and a different mode of actions in comparison with organic and inorganic forms of Se sources in poultry diets. Inclusion of the nano form of Se in broiler diets and study of productive performance, immunity responses and meat quality leads to improve balanced broiler diets formulation in view of Se.
Additional keywords: cell-mediated immunity, nanoparticles, tissue retention.
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