RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis in mammary tissue from lactating dairy cows supplemented with sunflower oil
Sorany Milena Barrientos Grajales
A C D , José Julián Echeverri Zuluaga A , Albeiro López Herrera A , Nélida Rodríguez Osorio B and Diana María Bolívar Vergara A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Production, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín Campus, Antioquia, Colombia.
B Polo de Desarrollo Universitario de Genómica y Bioinformática, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Salto Campus, Salto, Uruguay.
C Professor Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootenia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
D Corresponding author. Email: smbarrie@unal.edu.co
Animal Production Science 60(6) 758-771 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19107
Submitted: 23 February 2019 Accepted: 2 September 2019 Published: 17 March 2020
Abstract
Context: Nutrition is the main environmental factor that regulates the composition and secretion of milk fat. For this reason, supplementation of ruminant feed with lipid sources is proposed as a strategy to improve the milk fatty acid profile. However, incorporation of these compounds in milk depends not only on the structure of the diet but also on the efficient capture of nutrients by the mammary tissue and the coordination in the expression and regulation of multiple genes.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with sunflower oil, on gene expression in the mammary gland of Holstein cows under grazing and in the first third of lactation, by using RNA sequencing technology.
Methods: Six Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a control group, and a group supplemented with 700 g/day of sunflower oil (unsaturated fatty acid) for 25 days. On the last day, a sample of mammary tissue was taken for RNA-seq analysis. Raw data were analysed by using the CLC Genomics Workbench software.
Key results: Milk protein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, PAEP (LGB), CSN3, CSN1S2 and LALBA were the most abundant in all samples. In the supplemented group, 13 genes were differentially expressed with a false discovery rate <0.15 of which six were upregulated (PRSS2, BEST3, LOC618633, ASB5, NTS and C2CD4B) and seven downregulated (BOLA, DEFB, CLIC6, ATP6V1B1, DCHS2, EYA4 and CYP4B1). These were related to immune-response processes, cell differentiation and membrane transport.
Conclusions: Supplementation with sunflower oil affects metabolism and other cellular functions in mammary tissue, influencing the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, and genes involved in cell–cell interactions, cell morphology, cell death and immune response.
Implications: These results help to highlight the mechanisms underlying in vivo responses to dietary factors such as supplementation with seed oil in lactating cows. This will serve as a basis for the future development of strategies that improve the fatty acid profile of milk.
Additional keywords: lactation, lipids, metabolism, transcriptome.
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