Piglet birthweight and sex affect growth performance and fatty acid composition in fatty pigs
Marta Vázquez-Gómez
A , Consolación García-Contreras B , Susana Astiz B , Laura Torres-Rovira B , Eugenio Fernández-Moya C , Álvaro Olivares A , Argimiro Daza D , Cristina Óvilo B , Antonio González-Bulnes B and Beatriz Isabel A E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
B Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
C Ibéricos de Arauzo 2004 S.L., Calle Larga 33, 37408 Zorita de la Frontera, Spain.
D ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
E Corresponding author. Email: bisabelr@ucm.es
Animal Production Science 60(4) 573-583 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18254
Submitted: 18 April 2018 Accepted: 24 June 2019 Published: 17 January 2020
Journal compilation © CSIRO 2020 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of piglet birthweight (BIW) and sex, and within-litter BIW variation, on postnatal growth traits and meat quality in fatty breeds of pig. In total, 406 crossbred piglets (half male, half female) born to Iberian sows were studied during their postnatal development until slaughter. After birth, piglets were classified into four BIW categories: very low, low, medium and high. There was a negative effect of low BIW on growth patterns and fatty acid (FA) composition, but effects of litter size and within-litter BIW variation were not found. The very low BIW piglets underwent a period of significant catch-up growth (P < 0.005) relative to high BIW piglets during the early postnatal phase, but also showed a higher feed conversion rate and lower average daily weight gain (P < 0.05 for both measures) throughout the study period. BIW affected development during the entire productive life, and the sex effect increased with age. As a result, the period to reach market weight was longer in very low BIW piglets, by 43 days for females and 15 days for males, compared with their high BIW counterparts. BIW and sex also influenced amount of intramuscular fat, n-3 FA content and monounsaturated FA composition. The study indicates that BIW, modulated by sex, is a critical point for productive traits in fatty pigs. These results provide a basis for future strategies to enhance productive efficiency and meat quality of traditional swine breeds.
Additional keywords: carcass traits, Iberian pig, IUGR, lipids, meat quality.
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