Supplementation of diets with glutamine and glutamic acid attenuated the effects of cold stress on intestinal mucosa and performance of weaned piglets
Adriano Leite da Silva A , Severino Guilherme Caetano Gonçalves dos Santos A E , Edilson Paes Saraiva A , Vinícius de França Carvalho Fonsêca A C D , Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez A , Leonardo Augusto Fonseca Pascoal B , Terezinha Domiciano Dantas Martins B and Mikael Leal Cabral Menezes de Amorim A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Research Group in Bioclimatology, Behavior and Animal Welfare (BIOET), Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, 58397-000, Areia, PB, Brazil.
B Department of Animal Science, Centre for Human, Social and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, 58220-000, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil.
C Innovation Group of Biometeorology, Behavior and Animal Welfare (INOBIO-MANERA), 8 Biometeorology Laboratory, 14884-900, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
D Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, 2193, University of the Witwatersrand, 11 Johannesburg, South Africa.
E Corresponding author. Email: guilhermeufpb@gmail.com
Animal Production Science 59(10) 1880-1885 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17630
Submitted: 24 January 2017 Accepted: 9 April 2019 Published: 15 August 2019
Abstract
In this study we investigated the effect of glutamine and glutamic acid inclusion in the diet of weaned piglets subjected to cold stress and thermoneutral environment. Sixty-four weaned piglets were assessed from 28 to 65 days of age. A completely randomised design consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was tested – environments (thermoneutral and cold stress) and diets (control and L-glutamine + L-glutamic acid (G + GA)). Performance, relative organ weight and carcass yield, and morphology of the intestinal mucosa were assessed. Supplementing the diets with G + GA reduced feed intake under both environments. This was associated with a decline in growth rate for piglets in the thermoneutral environment but not in the cold environment (P < 0.002). Feed efficiency was lower for piglets offered the control diets in the cold environment, but was significantly improved (24.6%) by G + GA supplementation in the cold but not the thermoneutral environment (P < 0.001). G + GA supplementation decreased small intestinal length and altered intestinal morphology with the highest villus/crypt depth ratio observed in piglets offered the G + GA supplemented diet in the cold environment. In summary, glutamine and glutamic acid diets mitigated the effects of cold stress on the intestinal mucosa and performance of weaned piglets.
Additional keywords: animal stress, digestion and feeding, nutrition, pigs, temperature.
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