Oil palm meal and urea pellet can partially replace soybean meal in the rations of lactating dairy cows
Ratchataporn Lunsin
A C , Suntriporn Duanyai A and Ruangyote Pilajun B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand.
B Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.
C Corresponding author. Email: ratchataporn.l@ubru.ac.th
Animal Production Science 61(1) 38-46 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17567
Submitted: 16 August 2017 Accepted: 25 June 2020 Published: 23 July 2020
Abstract
Context: Several agro-industrial by-products such as oil palm meal could be useful as animal feeds in support of low cost of feed for livestock production.
Aims: This study investigated the effects of oil palm meal and urea pellet (PMUP) as a protein replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows.
Methods: Five multiparous, early to mid-lactation, Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows (75% Holstein-Friesian × 25% Thai Native Bos indicus) were randomly allocated in a 5 × 5 Latin square design to receive PMUP replacement for SBM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in concentrate.
Key results: The results show that roughage, total dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) intakes in the cows fed with 25–75% PMUP were significantly higher than in the cows fed 100% PMUP (P < 0.05), whereas the ether extract (EE) intake of the cows receiving the PMUP was higher than that of the control (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the apparent digestibility, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) of cows fed with PMUP replacement of SBM at 25–75% was higher than that in cows fed with 100% PMUP. In addition, milk yield and milk composition were not significantly different among treatments, whereas feed costs per kg milk yield was lowest in cow fed with 100% PMUP (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Replacing SBM with PMUP up to 50–100% in concentrate could reduce costs of feed per kg milk yield, but lower feed intake, nutrient utilisation and rumen fermentation were observed in cow fed with 100% PMUP. The use of PMUP from 25–75% replacement of SBM had no significant effects on the feed intake, nutrient utilisation, rumen fermentation and milk production. Therefore, the level of PMUP replacement of SBM in concentrate for lactating dairy cow should not exceed 75%.
Implications: PMUP could be used as a protein replacement for SBM in concentrate for lactating dairy cows. These findings should be applied further in practical farm condition in order to increase livestock production efficiency.
Additional keywords: agro-industrial by-products, protein replacement, ruminant feed, ruminant production.
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