Grazing management: setting the table, designing the menu and influencing the diner
Pablo Gregorini A E F , Juan J. Villalba C , Pablo Chilibroste D and Frederick D. Provenza C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Feed and Farm Systems Group, DairyNZ1, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
C Department of Wildland Resources, S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA.
D Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy – EEMAC, University of the Republic, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, CP 60000 Uruguay.
E Present address: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand.
F Corresponding author. Email: Pablo.Gregorini@lincoln.ac.nz
Animal Production Science 57(7) 1248-1268 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN16637
Submitted: 23 September 2016 Accepted: 3 February 2017 Published: 15 March 2017
Abstract
Pastoral livestock-production systems are under increasing environmental, social and consumer pressures to reduce environmental impacts and to enhance biodiversity and animal welfare. At the same time, farmers face the challenge of managing grazing, which is intimately linked with profitability. Recent advances in understanding grazing patterns and nutritional ecology may help alleviate such pressures. For instance, by managing grazing to (1) manipulate links between ingestive–digestive decisions and temporal patterns of nutrient excretion, (2) provide phytochemically diverse diets at appropriate temporal (the menu) and spatial (the table) scales and (3) influence the behaviour of animals (the diners) on the basis of their specific ‘personalities’ and needs, to overcome or enhance animal differences, thereby enhancing their and farm productivity and welfare, as well as our health. Under pastoral systems, synergies between animals’ and farmers’ grazing decisions have the potential to offer greater benefits to the animal, the environment and the farm than does simple and parsimonious grazing management based on a single component of the system. In the present review, we look at grazing and its management through an alternate lens, drawing ideas and hypotheses to stimulate thinking, dialogue and discussions that we anticipate will evolve into innovative research programs and grazing strategies. To do so, we combined experimental and observational studies from a wide range of disciplines with simulation-modelling exercises. We envisage a more holistic approach to manage grazing based on recent advances in the understanding of the nutritional ecology of grazing animals, and propose management practices that may enable pastoral livestock-production systems to evolve continually as complex creative systems.
Additional keywords: agriculture, diets, foraging, health, ruminants.
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