Effects of different monochromatic LED light colours on fear reactions and physiological responses in Mulard ducks
Radi A. Mohamed A D , Usama A. Abou-Ismail B and Mustafa Shukry C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
B Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, PO Box 35516, Egypt.
C Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
D Corresponding author. Email: radiali_2007@yahoo.co.uk
Animal Production Science 57(6) 1128-1136 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15249
Submitted: 20 May 2015 Accepted: 16 March 2016 Published: 11 July 2016
Abstract
Although the effects of monochromatic light on behaviour and performance of birds have been extensively studied, it is not known how rearing Mulard ducks in different monochromatic lights affects their fear reactions, physiological responses to stress and welfare. A total of 108 newly hatched Mulard ducks, representing three replicates, were housed in either blue light (BL), green light (GL), red light (RL) or white light (WL) for 12 weeks. Ducks were exposed to a light/dark schedule of 23 L/1 D, and food and water were provided ad libitum. At the beginning of the 13th week of the rearing period, behavioural measurements of fear were assessed by using a tonic immobility test, open field test and fear of man test. Physiological responses of the birds to stress such as heterophil : lymphocyte ratio, total leukocyte count and plasma concentrations of corticosterone were also assessed. Results demonstrated that birds exposed to both RL and WL displayed higher levels of behavioural indicators of fear including tonic immobility durations (P < 0.01), latency to first immobilisation (P < 0.001) and avoidance of man index (P < 0.001), and higher levels of physiological indicators of stress such as heterophil : lymphocyte ratios (P < 0.001) and plasmas concentrations of corticosterone (P < 0.001), and lower total leukocytic counts (P < 0.01) compared with birds exposed to either BL or GL. Rearing Mulard ducks in BL or GL appeared to reduce their fear reactions and physiological responses to stress and to enhance their ability to cope with the environment and may therefore improve their welfare.
Additional keywords: monochromatic light, welfare.
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