Lactogenic hormones regulate mammary protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells via the mTOR and JAK–STAT signal pathways
Q. Tian A B , H. R. Wang A E , M. Z. Wang A , C. Wang C and S. M. Liu D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
B Department of Food and Nutrition, Jiangsu Food Science College, Huaian 223003, China.
C School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
D School of Animal Biology of Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: hrwang@yzu.edu.cn
Animal Production Science 56(11) 1803-1809 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14113
Submitted: 25 February 2014 Accepted: 15 May 2015 Published: 21 July 2015
Abstract
The expression of CSN3, hormone receptor, the expression of genes regulating the mTOR, JAK–STAT signal pathways, and the relative content of к-casein as well as total casein were determined in the present study to explore the mechanism of the effect of lactogenic hormones on milk-protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. The results showed that apoptosis of the cells was increased by inhibitor LY294002, while the expressions of genes encoding PKB, Rheb, PRAS40 and S6K1 in the mTOR signal pathway, JAK2, STAT5A in the JAK–STAT signal pathway, and genes encoding INSR, PRLR, NR3C1 and CSN3 were all downregulated, and the relative contents of κ-casein and total casein were decreased in the mammary epithelial cells compared with those in the control group. Comparatively, the inhibitory effects of AG-490 were more profound than those of LY294002, and the double block using both inhibitors had a greater effect than the single block. The CSN3 gene expression was downregulated and the content of milk casein was decreased by the inhibitors. In addition, the expression of the hormone receptor genes was downregulated. Our results suggest that lactogenic hormones, via their receptors in the membrane, regulated the JAK–STAT and m-TOR signal pathways, and affected cell proliferation and apoptosis, leading to changes in milk-protein synthesis.
Additional keywords: apoptosis, casein, gene expression, inhibitor, proliferation.
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