Potential nutritional strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature in cattle – a review
Kristy DiGiacomo A , Brian J. Leury A and Frank R. Dunshea A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3010, Australia.
B Corresponding author. Email: fdunshea@unimelb.edu.au
Animal Production Science 54(4) 430-443 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN13303
Submitted: 19 July 2013 Accepted: 17 January 2014 Published: 25 February 2014
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2014 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Environmental conditions influence animal production from an animal performance perspective and at the carcass level post-slaughter. High rigor temperature occurs when the animal is hyperthermic pre-slaughter, and this leads to tougher meat. Hyperthermia can result from increased environmental temperature, exercise, stress or a combination of these factors. Consumer satisfaction with beef meat is influenced by the visual and sensory traits of the product when raw and cooked, with beef consumers commonly selecting tenderness of the product as the most important quality trait. High rigor temperature leads to a reduction in carcass and eating quality. This review examines some possible metabolic causes of hyperthermia, with focus on the importance of adipose tissue metabolism and the roles of insulin and leptin. Potential strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature are offered, including the use of dietary supplements such as betaine and chromium, anti-diabetic agents such as thiazolidinediones, vitamin D, and magnesium (Mg) to provide stress relief.
Additional keywords: adipose, fat, heat stress, insulin resistance, leptin, supplementation, TZDs.
References
Abdelmalek MF, Sanderson SO, Angulo P, Soldevila-Pico C, Liu C, Peter J, Keach J, Cave M, Chen T, McClain CJ, Lindor KD (2009) Betaine for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 50, 1818–1826.| Betaine for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1SjurvI&md5=68a83088856ab185bd2b0e00213fdc36CAS |
Achmadi J, Yanagisawa T, Sano H, Terashima Y (1993) Pancreatic insulin secretory response and insulin action in heat-exposed sheep given a concentrate or roughage diet. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 10, 279–287.
| Pancreatic insulin secretory response and insulin action in heat-exposed sheep given a concentrate or roughage diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhs1antbw%3D&md5=3a6c158a3a375756af118ca111c68f01CAS | 8306632PubMed |
Ahima RS, Flier JS (2000) Leptin. Annual Review of Physiology 62, 413–437.
| Leptin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltlGrsbs%3D&md5=43d9097da41f57bad15555314c0ec3a6CAS | 10845097PubMed |
Alamer M (2011) The role of prolactin in thermoregulation and water balance during heat stress in domestic ruminants. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 6, 1153–1169.
| The role of prolactin in thermoregulation and water balance during heat stress in domestic ruminants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XktFajsQ%3D%3D&md5=04ea72835b7af56828717f25a140b30aCAS |
Auwerx J, Staels B (1998) Leptin. Lancet 351, 737–742.
| Leptin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitFeit7s%3D&md5=2c70ecbf6f631dbdbde65b40b2cf4ffeCAS | 9504534PubMed |
Bell AW, Hales JR, King RB, Fawcett AA (1983) Influence of heat stress on exercise-induced changes in regional blood flow in sheep. Journal of Applied Physiology 55, 1916–1923.
Bernabucci U, Basirico L, Lacetera N, Morera P, Ronchi B, Accorsi PA, Seren E, Nardone A (2006) Photoperiod affects gene expression of leptin and leptin receptors in adipose tissue from lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4678–4686.
| Photoperiod affects gene expression of leptin and leptin receptors in adipose tissue from lactating dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlWgsrvO&md5=b0d375741e254df5971c1aa0c7d673e9CAS | 17106100PubMed |
Bernard C, Cassar-Malek I, Le Cunff M, Dubroeucq H, Renand G, Hocquette J-F (2007) New indicators of beef sensory quality revealed by expression of specific genes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55, 5229–5237.
| New indicators of beef sensory quality revealed by expression of specific genes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmtVKlt7g%3D&md5=f91551cd15f777975726e7b7c12223e7CAS | 17547415PubMed |
Bhatnagar S, Vining C, Iyer V, Kinni V (2006) Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, body temperature, body weight and food intake with repeated social stress exposure in rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 18, 13–24.
| Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, body temperature, body weight and food intake with repeated social stress exposure in rats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhvFKmt7g%3D&md5=ea9f66c0442cc59ab81c3cc29eecc353CAS | 16451216PubMed |
Block S, Butler W, Ehrhardt R, Bell A, Van Amburgh M, Boisclair Y (2001) Decreased concentration of plasma leptin in periparturient dairy cows is caused by negative energy balance. The Journal of Endocrinology 171, 339–348.
| Decreased concentration of plasma leptin in periparturient dairy cows is caused by negative energy balance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXosV2htL4%3D&md5=e1928bc6ddc52e952c2e0ac1bff8815fCAS | 11691654PubMed |
Boisclair YR, Bell AW, Dunshea FR, Harkins M, Bauman DE (1993) Evaluation of the arteriovenous difference technique to simultaneously estimate protein synthesis and degradation in the hindlimb of fed and chronically underfed steers. The Journal of Nutrition 123, 1076–1088.
Boisclair YR, Bauman DE, Bell AW, Dunshea FR, Harkins M (1994) Nutrient utilization and protein turnover in the hindlimb of cattle treated with bovine somatotropin. The Journal of Nutrition 124, 664–673.
Bole-Feysot C, Goffin V, Edery M, Binart N, Kelly PA (1998) Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor: Actions, signal transduction pathways and phenotypes observed in PRL receptor knockout mice. Endocrinology Reviews 19, 225–268.
Borgschulte G, Kathirvel E, Herrera M, French SW, Morgan TR, Morgan K, Bottiglieri T (2008) Betaine treatment reverses insulin resistance and fatty liver disease without reducing oxidative stress or endoplasmic reticulum stress in an animal model of nafld. Gastroenterology 134, A-414–A-415.
| Betaine treatment reverses insulin resistance and fatty liver disease without reducing oxidative stress or endoplasmic reticulum stress in an animal model of nafld.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Boston RC, Roche JR, Ward GM, Moate PJ (2008) A novel minimal model to describe non-esterfied fatty acid kinetics in Holstein dairy cows. The Journal of Dairy Research 75, 13–18.
| A novel minimal model to describe non-esterfied fatty acid kinetics in Holstein dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXitVOmu7w%3D&md5=0a970a35569d71dd517bcc2bc250a0d1CAS | 17922935PubMed |
Bradley SJ, Kingwell BA, Canny BJ, McConell GK (2007) Skeletal muscle neuronal nitric oxide synthase μ protein is reduced in people with impaired glucose homeostasis and is not normalized by exercise training. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 56, 1405–1411.
| Skeletal muscle neuronal nitric oxide synthase μ protein is reduced in people with impaired glucose homeostasis and is not normalized by exercise training.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVOgu7rJ&md5=6a144ea3c9da9cd9a2a06bca0b6e23d6CAS |
Bunting LD, Fernandez JM, Thompson DL, Southern LL (1994) Influence of chromium picolinate on glucose usage and metabolic criteria in growing Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science 72, 1591–1599.
Bunting LD, Tarifa TA, Crochet BT, Fernandez JM, Depew CL, Lovejoy JC (2000) Effects of dietary inclusion of chromium propionate and calcium propionate on glucose disposal and gastrointestinal development in dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 2491–2498.
| Effects of dietary inclusion of chromium propionate and calcium propionate on glucose disposal and gastrointestinal development in dairy calves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosVCgsLk%3D&md5=1bbe954dd0ba6bf4b9ab1161b4bdac60CAS | 11104268PubMed |
Buskirk ER (1977) Temperature regulation with exercise. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 5, 45–88.
| Temperature regulation with exercise.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaE1M%2FgtlChtg%3D%3D&md5=6e238b9d9fe0f5437de47f13a2a06aeeCAS | 357161PubMed |
Caldas T, Demont-Caulet N, Ghazi A, Richarme G (1999) Thermoprotection by glycine betaine and choline. Microbiology 145, 2543–2548.
Cals-Grierson MM, Ormerod AD (2004) Nitric oxide function in the skin. Nitric Oxide 10, 179–193.
| Nitric oxide function in the skin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtVaitrY%3D&md5=584926bb8c3067dbf5fa6694953dad2fCAS | 15275864PubMed |
Chilliard Y, Delavaud C, Bonnet M (2005) Leptin expression in ruminants: Nutritional and physiological regulations in relation with energy metabolism. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 29, 3–22.
| Leptin expression in ruminants: Nutritional and physiological regulations in relation with energy metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltVegsr4%3D&md5=194c8411134c59def88e99da6b038935CAS | 15876510PubMed |
Choshniak I, Jenkinson DM, Blatchford DR, Peaker M (1982) Blood flow and catecholamine concentration in bovine and caprine skin during thermal sweating. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 71, 37–42.
| Blood flow and catecholamine concentration in bovine and caprine skin during thermal sweating.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chung J, Nguyen A-K, Henstridge DC, Holmes AG, Stanley Chan MH, Mesa JL, Lancaster GI, Southgate RJ, Bruce CR, Duffy SJ, Horvath I, Mestril R, Watt MJ, Hooper PL, Kingwell BA, Vigh L, Hevener A, Febbraio MA (2008) HSP72 protects against obesity-induced insulin resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105, 1739–1744.
| HSP72 protects against obesity-induced insulin resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhvFalsbs%3D&md5=cfd7a9651935744fdf7680ac2c704468CAS | 18223156PubMed |
Collier RJ, Beede DK, Thatcher WW, Israel LA, Wilcox CJ (1982) Influences of environment and its modification on dairy animal health and production. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 2213–2227.
| Influences of environment and its modification on dairy animal health and production.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL3s7gvFOktg%3D%3D&md5=f336bc4528dcc75affbe293c497eab20CAS | 6759540PubMed |
Collier RJ, Dahl GE, VanBaale MJ (2006) Major advances associated with environmental effects on dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1244–1253.
| Major advances associated with environmental effects on dairy cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjt1SjsLk%3D&md5=2f5bbe9b1bfbc89034cd50d0670ae57bCAS | 16537957PubMed |
Considine RV (2001) Regulation of leptin production. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 2, 357–363.
| Regulation of leptin production.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXpt1Wit70%3D&md5=32674b6336d852d42e55739579c85863CAS |
Craig SAS (2004) Betaine in human nutrition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80, 539–549.
Cronje P (2005) Heat stress in livestock - the role of the gut in its aetiology and a potential role for betaine in its alleviation. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 15, 107–122.
Depew CL, Bunting LD, Fernandez JM, Thompson DL, Adkinson RW (1998) Performance and metabolic responses of young dairy calves fed diets supplemented with chromium tripicolinate. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 2916–2923.
| Performance and metabolic responses of young dairy calves fed diets supplemented with chromium tripicolinate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsV2jt7o%3D&md5=7a2e4b437162ec1a692adc17db5fadc6CAS | 9839235PubMed |
DiGiacomo K (2011) The physiological and metabolic responses to heat in ruminants. PhD Thesis. The University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
DiGiacomo K, Simpson S, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR (2012) Dietary betaine improves physiological responses in sheep under chronic heat load in a dose dependent manner. Journal of Animal Science 90, 269
Droke EA, Spears JW, Armstrong JD, Kegley EB, Simpson RB (1993) Dietary zinc affects serum concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in growing lambs. The Journal of Nutrition 123, 13–19.
Drust B, Rasmussen P, Mohr M, Nielsen B, Nybo L (2005) Elevations in core and muscle temperature impairs repeated sprint performance. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 183, 181–190.
| Elevations in core and muscle temperature impairs repeated sprint performance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlOqtrg%3D&md5=f2936a4b4c1e920987790fda25d3dd53CAS | 15676059PubMed |
Dulloo AG, Stock MJ, Solinas G, Boss O, Montani JP, Seydoux J (2002) Leptin directly stimulates thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. FEBS Letters 515, 109–113.
| Leptin directly stimulates thermogenesis in skeletal muscle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xis1eisrs%3D&md5=12dc1645b5e03fb5138cbc546210e9c7CAS | 11943204PubMed |
Dunshea FR, Boisclair YR, Bauman DE, Bell AW (1995) Effects of bovine somatotropin and insulin on whole-body and hindlimb glucose metabolism in growing steers. Journal of Animal Science 73, 2263–2271.
Dunshea FR, D’Souza DN, Pethick DW, Harper GS, Warner RD (2005) Effects of dietary factors and other metabolic modifiers on quality and nutritional value of meat. Meat Science 71, 8–38.
| Effects of dietary factors and other metabolic modifiers on quality and nutritional value of meat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmt1Wiu7g%3D&md5=1d5e69a93374b948caec262a6b8bb206CAS | 22064049PubMed |
Dunshea FR, Leury BJ, Fahri F, DiGiacomo K, Hung A, Chauhan S, Clarke IJ, Collier R, Little S, Baumgard LH, Gaughan J (2013) Amelioration of thermal stress impacts in dairy cows. Animal Production Science 53, 965–975.
Ehrhardt R, Slepetis R, Siegal-Willott J, Van Amburgh M, Bell A, Boisclair Y (2000) Development of a specific radioimmunoassay to measure physiological changes of circulating leptin in cattle and sheep. The Journal of Endocrinology 166, 519–528.
| Development of a specific radioimmunoassay to measure physiological changes of circulating leptin in cattle and sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmslymu7w%3D&md5=cea19416432da32f8be7dd0b166ff7caCAS | 10974646PubMed |
Eisemann JH, Huntington GB, Catherman DR (1997) Insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of portal-drained viscera, liver, hindquarters, and whole body of beef steers weighing 275 or 490 kilograms. Journal of Animal Science 75, 2084–2091.
Eklund M, Bauer E, Wamatu J, Mosenthin R (2005) Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock. Nutrition Research Reviews 18, 31–48.
| Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntFSktLk%3D&md5=f946c9aecbbd77322ee21b2444cb50e1CAS | 19079893PubMed |
Evans GW, Johnson EC (1980) Zinc absorption in rats fed a low-protein diet and a low-protein diet supplemented with tryptophan or picolinic acid. The Journal of Nutrition 110, 1076–1080.
Faichney GJ, Barry TN (1986) Effects of mild heat exposure and suppression of prolactin secretion on gastro-intestinal tract function and temperature regulation in sheep. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 39, 85–97.
Febbraio MA (2001) Alterations in energy metabolism during exercise and heat stress. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 31, 47–59.
| Alterations in energy metabolism during exercise and heat stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3isFaktA%3D%3D&md5=d3f1af7fdad24be6abfd780f30c5b726CAS |
Febbraio MA, Snow RJ, Stathis CG, Hargreaves M, Carey MF (1994) Effect of heat stress on muscle energy metabolism during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 77, 2827–2831.
Febbraio MA, Ott P, Nielsen HB, Steensberg A, Keller C, Krustrup P, Secher NH, Pedersen BK (2002) Exercise induces hepatosplanchnic release of heat shock protein 72 in humans. The Journal of Physiology 544, 957–962.
| Exercise induces hepatosplanchnic release of heat shock protein 72 in humans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovF2qt7Y%3D&md5=68f1f80c1e203c8c1845e9f098df600cCAS | 12411538PubMed |
Fernández C, Gallego L, Lopez-Bote CJ (1998) Effect of betaine on fat content in growing lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 73, 329–338.
| Effect of betaine on fat content in growing lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fernández C, López-Saez A, Gallego L, de la Fuente JM (2000) Effect of source of betaine on growth performance and carcass traits in lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 86, 71–82.
| Effect of source of betaine on growth performance and carcass traits in lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fleshner M, Johnson JD (2005) Endogenous extra-cellular heat shock protein 72: Releasing signal(s) and function. International Journal of Hyperthermia 21, 457–471.
| Endogenous extra-cellular heat shock protein 72: Releasing signal(s) and function.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpslyjsr0%3D&md5=6aa32cdfdfcbd7fae8fda45a87c93c81CAS | 16048842PubMed |
Fleshner M, Campisi J, Amiri L, Diamond DM (2004) Cat exposure induces both intra- and extracellular Hsp72: The role of adrenal hormones. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29, 1142–1152.
| Cat exposure induces both intra- and extracellular Hsp72: The role of adrenal hormones.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlt1Wjtrs%3D&md5=62fa145d248161ce1b66ba89a3c493e9CAS | 15219638PubMed |
Forst T, Caduff A, Talary M, Weder M, Brandle M, Kann P, Flacke F, Friedrich C, Pfutzner A (2006) Impact of environmental temperature on skin thickness and microvascular blood flow in subjects with and without diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 8, 94–101.
| Impact of environmental temperature on skin thickness and microvascular blood flow in subjects with and without diabetes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28%2FosF2lsQ%3D%3D&md5=3e8bd4431be6ffcf8689d4ec0988a6e7CAS |
Gardner GE, Smith G, Pethick DW (1998) Effect of chromium chelavite supplementation on the metabolism of glycogen and lipid in adult Merino sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, 137–146.
| Effect of chromium chelavite supplementation on the metabolism of glycogen and lipid in adult Merino sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsFSmtw%3D%3D&md5=f1b0d7566b58617acc8ca02cebf908fcCAS |
Gardner GE, Jacob RH, Pethick DW (2001) The effect of magnesium oxide supplementation on muscle glycogen metabolism before and after exercise and at slaughter in sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, 723–729.
| The effect of magnesium oxide supplementation on muscle glycogen metabolism before and after exercise and at slaughter in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvVCrsLo%3D&md5=0a21a1ae3735fa5f530f7108a76fb380CAS |
Godsil BP, Quinn JJ, Fanselow MS (2000) Body temperature as a conditional response measure for Pavlovian fear conditioning. Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 7, 353–356.
| Body temperature as a conditional response measure for Pavlovian fear conditioning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FivFegtg%3D%3D&md5=a24a63fab0e7e9164ad1966c48cfb73aCAS |
Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL, Jean-Aime S, Kelley DE (1997) Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat. Diabetes 46, 1579–1585.
| Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmsVWnuro%3D&md5=0d29151cb7b98ae2ee3a38ab73b9992dCAS | 9313753PubMed |
Gregory NG (2010) How climatic changes could affect meat quality. Food Research International 43, 1866–1873.
| How climatic changes could affect meat quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gummow B, Botha CJ, Noordhuizen JPTM, Heesterbeek JAP (2005) The public health implications of farming cattle in areas with high background concentrations of vanadium. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 72, 281–290.
| The public health implications of farming cattle in areas with high background concentrations of vanadium.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2MnhvVejuw%3D%3D&md5=8e49da6f1e9d33ca5d8caa70beb2e39eCAS | 16140407PubMed |
Gupte AA, Bomhoff GL, Geiger PC (2008) Age-related differences in skeletal muscle insulin signaling: The role of stress kinases and heat shock proteins. Journal of Applied Physiology 105, 839–848.
| Age-related differences in skeletal muscle insulin signaling: The role of stress kinases and heat shock proteins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFygs7fN&md5=b5bbea04a82b8484d7ed443bcaf5db9eCAS | 18599680PubMed |
Gupte AA, Bomhoff GL, Touchberry CD, Geiger PC (2011) Acute heat treatment improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in aged skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 110, 451–457.
| Acute heat treatment improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in aged skeletal muscle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXis1Cisrs%3D&md5=c252cc1ec4fe5591dbcdefc7fc17679fCAS | 21148343PubMed |
Henry BA, Goding JW, Alexander WS, Tilbrook AJ, Canny BJ, Dunshea F, Rao A, Mansell A, Clarke IJ (1999) Central administration of leptin to ovariectomized ewes inhibits food intake without affecting the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland: Evidence for a dissociation of effects on appetite and neuroendocrine function. Endocrinology 140, 1175–1182.
Henry BA, Tilbrook AJ, Dunshea FR, Rao A, Blache D, Martin GB, Clarke IJ (2000) Long-term alterations in adiposity affect the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone and enkephalin but not proopiomelanocortin in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized ewes. Endocrinology 141, 1506–1514.
Henry BA, Goding JW, Tilbrook AJ, Dunshea FR, Blache D, Clarke IJ (2004) Leptin-mediated effects of undernutrition or fasting on luteinizing hormone and growth hormone secretion in ovariectomized ewes depend on the duration of metabolic perturbation. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 16, 244–255.
| Leptin-mediated effects of undernutrition or fasting on luteinizing hormone and growth hormone secretion in ovariectomized ewes depend on the duration of metabolic perturbation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXivVyltLw%3D&md5=fa6c271ebdcaa8658491b3afdb28a6f9CAS | 15049855PubMed |
Henry BA, Dunshea FR, Gould M, Clarke IJ (2008) Profiling postprandial thermogenesis in muscle and fat of sheep and the central effect of leptin administration. Endocrinology 149, 2019–2026.
| Profiling postprandial thermogenesis in muscle and fat of sheep and the central effect of leptin administration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXktVeqtr0%3D&md5=b7af09d5d2b27cf1c23f99e51fef4249CAS | 18162524PubMed |
Henry BA, Andrews ZB, Rao A, Clarke IJ (2011) Central leptin activates mitochondrial function and increases heat production in skeletal muscle. Endocrinology 152, 2609–2618.
| Central leptin activates mitochondrial function and increases heat production in skeletal muscle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXosFaisr0%3D&md5=6cb08a316e6438b16d516816c57f21dfCAS | 21558317PubMed |
Hersom MJ, Horn GW, Krehbiel CR, Phillips WA (2004a) Effect of live weight gain of steers during winter grazing: I. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and body composition of beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 82, 262–272.
Hersom MJ, Krehbiel CR, Horn GW (2004b) Effect of live weight gain of steers during winter grazing: II. Visceral organ mass, cellularity, and oxygen consumption. Journal of Animal Science 82, 184–197.
Hersom MJ, Wettemann RP, Krehbiel CR, Horn GW, Keisler DH (2004c) Effect of live weight gain of steers during winter grazing: III. Blood metabolites and hormones during feedlot finishing. Journal of Animal Science 82, 2059–2068.
Hua Y, Clark S, Ren J, Sreejayan N (2012) Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 23, 313–319.
| Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xjslelsr4%3D&md5=245eca730f1e90b29db92edc2c87230fCAS | 22423897PubMed |
Huang SY, Lee WC, Chen MY, Wang SC, Huang CH, Tsou HL, Lin EC (2004) Genotypes of 5′-flanking region in porcine heat-shock protein 70.2 gene affect backfat thickness and growth performance in Duroc boars. Livestock Production Science 85, 181–187.
| Genotypes of 5′-flanking region in porcine heat-shock protein 70.2 gene affect backfat thickness and growth performance in Duroc boars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Huang QC, Xu ZR, Han XY, Li WF (2006) Changes in hormones, growth factor and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs fed betaine. Livestock Science 105, 78–85.
| Changes in hormones, growth factor and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs fed betaine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Huang QC, Xu ZR, Han XY, Li WF (2007) Effect of betaine on growth hormone pulsatile secretion and serum metabolites in finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 91, 85–90.
| Effect of betaine on growth hormone pulsatile secretion and serum metabolites in finishing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXksFWqs78%3D&md5=843ed5645cb597fa8fb6f16150c075ffCAS | 17355337PubMed |
Ingvartsen KL, Boisclair YR (2001) Leptin and the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis and immunity with special focus on periparturient ruminants. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 21, 215–250.
| Leptin and the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis and immunity with special focus on periparturient ruminants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhsFWgu7o%3D&md5=f543a458bba8d6c484701a8ca5cb3c20CAS | 11872319PubMed |
Jacob RH, Hopkins DL (2014) Techniques to reduce the temperature of beef muscle early in the post mortem period – a review. Animal Production Science 54, 482–493.
| Techniques to reduce the temperature of beef muscle early in the post mortem period – a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jacob RH, Surridge VSM, Beatty DT, Gardner GE, Warner RD (2014) Grain feeding increases core body temperature of beef cattle. Animal Production Science 54, 444–449.
| Grain feeding increases core body temperature of beef cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jentjens RLPG, Wagenmakers AJM, Jeukendrup AE (2002) Heat stress increases muscle glycogen use but reduces the oxidation of ingested carbohydrates during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 92, 1562–1572.
Jentjens RLPG, Underwood K, Achten J, Currell K, Mann CH, Jeukendrup AE (2006) Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates are elevated after combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise in the heat. Journal of Applied Physiology 100, 807–816.
Kathirvel E, Morgan K, Nandgiri G, Sandoval BC, Caudill MA, Bottiglieri T, French SW, Morgan TR (2010) Betaine improves nonalcoholic fatty liver and associated hepatic insulin resistance: A potential mechanism for hepatoprotection by betaine. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, G1068–G1077.
| Betaine improves nonalcoholic fatty liver and associated hepatic insulin resistance: A potential mechanism for hepatoprotection by betaine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFSnsr7I&md5=e722a022d2cfed69bba8fceeea4d211dCAS | 20724529PubMed |
Kavanagh K, Zhang L, Wagner JD (2009) Tissue-specific regulation and expression of heat shock proteins in type 2 diabetic monkeys. Cell Stress & Chaperones 14, 291–299.
| Tissue-specific regulation and expression of heat shock proteins in type 2 diabetic monkeys.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjvV2gt78%3D&md5=716509fb8e3b8379a42270da1b52f4ccCAS |
Kawachi H (2006) Micronutrients affecting adipogenesis in beef cattle. Animal Science Journal 77, 463–471.
| Micronutrients affecting adipogenesis in beef cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1egs7jE&md5=12befc0eb5c9b8a88ccf07a3ffa39a72CAS |
Kegley EB, Spears JW, Brown TT (1997a) Effect of shipping and chromium supplementation on performance, immune response, and disease resistance of steers. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1956–1964.
Kegley EB, Spears JW, Eisemann JH (1997b) Performance and glucose metabolism in calves fed a chromium–nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1744–1750.
| Performance and glucose metabolism in calves fed a chromium–nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXls1Kqtbo%3D&md5=9909cc3836d945d839829d872430bcb3CAS | 9276815PubMed |
Kegley EB, Galloway DL, Fakler TM (2000) Effect of dietary chromium-l-methionine on glucose metabolism of beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 78, 3177–3183.
Kellogg DL, Zhao JL, Wu Y (2008) Neuronal nitric oxide synthase control mechanisms in the cutaneous vasculature of humans in vivo. The Journal of Physiology 586, 847–857.
| Neuronal nitric oxide synthase control mechanisms in the cutaneous vasculature of humans in vivo.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXit1ynu7s%3D&md5=e5c83b87317aaccf402a6cd41cc66422CAS | 18048451PubMed |
Kietzmann M, Jablonski H (1985) Blocking of stress in swine with magnesium aspartate hydrochloride. Praktischer Tierarzt 661, 331–335.
Kim C, Park J, Park J, Kang E, Ahn C, Cha B, Lim S, Kim K, Lee H (2006) Comparison of body fat composition and serum adiponectin levels in diabetic obesity and non-diabetic obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 14, 1164–1171.
| Comparison of body fat composition and serum adiponectin levels in diabetic obesity and non-diabetic obesity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XpslSqsLk%3D&md5=a68ac70aa8758d1856d9d396a43aee7eCAS |
Kim YHB, Warner RD, Rosenvold K (2014) Influence of high pre-rigor temperature and fast pH fall on muscle proteins and meat quality: a review. Animal Production Science 54, 375–395.
| Influence of high pre-rigor temperature and fast pH fall on muscle proteins and meat quality: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
King YT, Lin CS, Lin JH, Lee WC (2002) Whole-body hyperthermia-induced thermotolerance is associated with the induction of heat shock protein 70 in mice. The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 273–278.
Klasing KC, Adler KL, Remus JC, Calvert CC (2002) Dietary betaine increases intraepithelial lymphocytes in the duodenum of coccidia-infected chicks and increases functional properties of phagocytes. The Journal of Nutrition 132, 2274–2282.
Komatsu T, Itoh F, Hodate K, Hazegawa S, Obara Y, Kushibiki S (2005) Gene expression of resistin and TNF-alpha in adipose tissue of Japanese Black steers and Holstein steers. Animal Science Journal 76, 567–573.
| Gene expression of resistin and TNF-alpha in adipose tissue of Japanese Black steers and Holstein steers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhslWmsrs%3D&md5=defec5848b67ef2c53812adffa8ac453CAS |
Komiya H, Mori Y, Yokose T, Kurokawa N, Horie N, Tajima N (2006) Effect of intramuscular fat difference on glucose and insulin reaction in oral glucose tolerance test. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 13, 136–142.
| Effect of intramuscular fat difference on glucose and insulin reaction in oral glucose tolerance test.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnvVyrsr8%3D&md5=bc274bb0a17761af8a53b23392419a38CAS | 16835468PubMed |
Kovacevic Z, McGivan JD (1983) Mitochondrial metabolism of glutamine and glutamate and its physiological significance. Physiological Reviews 63, 547–605.
Kozlowski S, Brzezinska Z, Kruk B, Kaciuba-Uscilko H, Greenleaf JE, Nazar K (1985) Exercise hyperthermia as a factor limiting physical performance: Temperature effect on muscle metabolism. Journal of Applied Physiology 59, 766–773.
Krentz AJ, Bailey CJ (2005) Oral antidiabetic agents: Current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 65, 385–411.
| Oral antidiabetic agents: Current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXit1Grsbg%3D&md5=6b5dc63f90dd818d42da7d4998b955deCAS | 15669880PubMed |
Kurucz I, Morva A, Vaag A, Eriksson K-F, Huang X, Groop L, Koranyi L (2002) Decreased expression of heat shock protein 72 in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes correlates with insulin resistance. Diabetes 51, 1102–1109.
| Decreased expression of heat shock protein 72 in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes correlates with insulin resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xis1Oju7k%3D&md5=f1d70295ece8ae6dfae25de90a82db5aCAS | 11916932PubMed |
Kushibiki S, Hodate K, Shingu H, Ueda Y, Shinoda M, Mori Y, Itoh T, Yokomizo Y (2001) Insulin resistance induced in dairy steers by tumor necrosis factor alpha is partially reversed by 2,4–thiazolidinedione. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 21, 25–37.
| Insulin resistance induced in dairy steers by tumor necrosis factor alpha is partially reversed by 2,4–thiazolidinedione.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmt1KltLk%3D&md5=47a664b93259bde06478559b44937f3dCAS | 11524172PubMed |
Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Basiricò L, Morera P, Nardone A (2009) Heat shock impairs DNA synthesis and down-regulates gene expression for leptin and Ob-Rb receptor in concanavalin a-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 127, 190–194.
| Heat shock impairs DNA synthesis and down-regulates gene expression for leptin and Ob-Rb receptor in concanavalin a-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsFChtbbF&md5=04e7e120b2059ad7afba9eb38a8938faCAS | 18992945PubMed |
Leury BJ, Baumgard LH, Block SS, Segoale N, Ehrhardt RA, Rhoads RP, Bauman DE, Bell AW, Boisclair YR (2003) Effect of insulin and growth hormone on plasma leptin in periparturient dairy cows. The American Journal of Physiology 285, R1107–R1115.
Lindquist S (1986) The heat-shock response. Annual Review of Biochemistry 55, 1151–1191.
| The heat-shock response.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XltV2lsrY%3D&md5=deda7c87875608198035c2a8c752dc49CAS | 2427013PubMed |
Lorenz I (2000) Retrospective study of serum glucose concentration in cattle with mucosal disease. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A 47, 489–493.
| Retrospective study of serum glucose concentration in cattle with mucosal disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FmslensA%3D%3D&md5=70df8846a27d0b74b9ba77d9c1d40d7fCAS |
Lowell BB, Spiegelman BM (2000) Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis. Nature 404, 652–660.
Loxton I, Grant TP, Reid DJ, Lawrence RJ (2007) Effects of a supplement containing betaine on feedlot steers exposed to a heat load. In ‘Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia’, Armidale, NSW, Australia. (Eds P Cronje and N Richards) pp. 201–210. (University of New England: Armidale, NSW)
Matthews JO, Southern LL (2000) The effect of dietary betaine in Eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. Poultry Science 79, 60–65.
Matthews JO, Southern LL, Bidner TD (2001) Estimation of the total sulfur amino acid requirement and the effect of betaine in diets deficient in total sulfur amino acids for the weanling pig. Journal of Animal Science 79, 1557–1565.
McCann JP, Ullmann MB, Temple MR, Reimers TJ, Bergman EN (1986) Insulin and glucose responses to glucose injection in fed and fasted obese and lean sheep. The Journal of Nutrition 116, 1287–1297.
McCann JP, Bergman EN, Reimers TJ (1989) Effects of obesity and ovarian steroids on insulin secretion and removal in sheep. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 256, E116–E128.
McCann JP, Loo SC, Aalseth DL, Abribat T (1997) Differential effects of GH stimulation on fasting and prandial metabolism and plasma IGFs and IGF-binding proteins in lean and obese sheep. The Journal of Endocrinology 154, 329–346.
| Differential effects of GH stimulation on fasting and prandial metabolism and plasma IGFs and IGF-binding proteins in lean and obese sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltFGqu7c%3D&md5=1381e22dc76f21465ebd16613715a89bCAS | 9291844PubMed |
McCarty MF (2006) Induction of heat shock proteins may combat insulin resistance. Medical Hypotheses 66, 527–534.
| Induction of heat shock proteins may combat insulin resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjvVGluw%3D%3D&md5=e7adca9c76645c3673cf39fef95445daCAS | 16309849PubMed |
McNamara JP (1991) Regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in support of lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 706–719.
| Regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in support of lactation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXitVCitrw%3D&md5=94a8da7947d68d3fd2dc137e338e447cCAS | 2045568PubMed |
Mertz W, Roginski EE (1969) Effects of chromium(III) supplementation on growth and survival under stress in rats fed low protein diets. The Journal of Nutrition 97, 531–536.
Montgomery JL, King MB, Gentry JG, Barham AR, Barham BL, Hilton GG, Blanton JR, Horst RL, Galyean ML, Morrow KJ, Wester DB, Miller MF (2004) Supplemental vitamin D-3 concentration and biological type of steers. II. Tenderness, quality, and residues of beef. Journal of Animal Science 82, 2092–2104.
Mooney KW, Cromwell GL (1995) Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth, carcass characteristics, and accretion rates of carcass tissues in growing-finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 73, 3351–3357.
Moran DS, Eli-Berchoer L, Heled Y, Mendel L, Schocina M, Horowitz M (2006) Heat intolerance: Does gene transcription contribute? Journal of Applied Physiology 100, 1370–1376.
Morera P, Basiricò L, Hosoda K, Bernabucci U (2012) Chronic heat stress up-regulates leptin and adiponectin secretion and expression and improves leptin, adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in mice. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 48, 129–138.
| Chronic heat stress up-regulates leptin and adiponectin secretion and expression and improves leptin, adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in mice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XlvFOkt7k%3D&md5=a67f9fe34801f090d97441ab88f4c3eaCAS | 22279186PubMed |
Morrison AL, Dinges M, Singleton KD, Odoms K, Wong HR, Wischmeyer PE (2006) Glutamine’s protection against cellular injury is dependent on heat shock factor-1. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology 290, C1625–C1632.
| Glutamine’s protection against cellular injury is dependent on heat shock factor-1.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlvVejtb4%3D&md5=dcbe4709ecf0bf19861cac164c6d9ba4CAS | 16436470PubMed |
Niemack EA, Stockli F, Hausmann E, Sanderegger J, Classen HG, Helbig J (1979) Einflub von magnesium-aspartat-hydrochorid auf kannibalisms, transportsterb und den elec-trolytgehalt im herzen von schueinen. Magnesium Bulletin 3, 195–198.
Nikkhah A, Mirzaei M, Khorvash M, Rahmani HR, Ghorbani GR (2011) Chromium improves production and alters metabolism of early lactation cows in summer. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 95, 81–89.
| Chromium improves production and alters metabolism of early lactation cows in summer.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXit1ersrc%3D&md5=275c3e330cad6466d51ffc688101c989CAS | 20579184PubMed |
Ohtsuka Y, Yabunaka N, Watanabe I, Noro H, Fujisawa H, Agishi Y (1995) Thermal stress and diabetic complications. International Journal of Biometeorology 38, 57–59.
| Thermal stress and diabetic complications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3htlWgsw%3D%3D&md5=3735ead561dac90038399529f45fc9f0CAS | 7698855PubMed |
Page TG, Southern LL, Ward TL, Thompson DL (1993) Effect of chromium picolinate on growth and serum and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71, 656–662.
Pardon M-C, Kendall DA, Perez-Diaz F, Duxon MS, Marsden CA (2004) Repeated sensory contact with aggressive mice rapidly leads to an anticipatory increase in core body temperature and physical activity that precedes the onset of aversive responding. The European Journal of Neuroscience 20, 1033–1050.
| Repeated sensory contact with aggressive mice rapidly leads to an anticipatory increase in core body temperature and physical activity that precedes the onset of aversive responding.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15305872PubMed |
Parkin JM, Carey MF, Zhao S, Febbraio MA (1999) Effect of ambient temperature on human skeletal muscle metabolism during fatiguing submaximal exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 86, 902–908.
Patrick L (2002) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Relationship to insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. Treatment approaches using vitamin e, magnesium, and betaine. Alternative Medicine Review 7, 276–291.
Pearce KL, Masters DG, Jacob RH, Hopkins DL, Pethick DW (2008) Effects of sodium chloride and betaine on hydration status of lambs at slaughter. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, 1194–1200.
| Effects of sodium chloride and betaine on hydration status of lambs at slaughter.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXptlKlu7g%3D&md5=b9cc1d406eec2f985d6f06136848e487CAS |
Pethick D, Harman N, Chong J (1987) Non-esterified long-chain fatty acid metabolism in fed sheep at rest and during exercise. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 40, 221–234.
Petrofsky JS, Lee S, Cuneo-Libarona M (2005) The impact of rosiglitazone on heat tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Medical Science Monitor 11, CR562–CR569.
Pighin DG, Brown W, Ferguson DM, Fisher AD, Warner RD (2014) Relationship between changes in core body temperature in lambs and post-slaughter muscle glycogen content and dark-cutting. Animal Production Science 54, 459–463.
| Relationship between changes in core body temperature in lambs and post-slaughter muscle glycogen content and dark-cutting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ponnampalam EN, Warner RD, Suster D, Dunshea FR (2005) Breed and nutrition influence the responses to homeostatic signals in lambs. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 14, S79
Rahmouni K, Morgan DA (2007) Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus mediates the sympathetic and arterial pressure responses to leptin. Hypertension 49, 647–652.
| Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus mediates the sympathetic and arterial pressure responses to leptin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhslCmsLg%3D&md5=2b31b5ae73b23a86e94040af8b93f89aCAS | 17190874PubMed |
Reis AF, Hauache OM, Velho G (2005) Vitamin d endocrine system and the genetic susceptibility to diabetes, obesity and vascular disease. A review of evidence. Diabetes & Metabolism 31, 318–325.
| Vitamin d endocrine system and the genetic susceptibility to diabetes, obesity and vascular disease. A review of evidence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFGrurjI&md5=35b8e14f3ff7a3d9986c8a9c86d60a92CAS |
Rhoads ML, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Collier RJ, Sanders SR, Weber WJ, Crooker BA, Baumgard LH (2009) Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1986–1997.
| Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsFynu7k%3D&md5=0ee8f43bfb3f9711856e5007a93e274fCAS | 19389956PubMed |
Richardson EC, Herd RM, Archer JA, Arthur PF (2004) Metabolic differences in angus steers divergently selected for residual feed intake. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, 441–452.
| Metabolic differences in angus steers divergently selected for residual feed intake.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Roh S-G, Hishikawa D, Hong Y-H, Sasaki S (2006) Control of adipogenesis in ruminants. Animal Science Journal 77, 472–477.
| Control of adipogenesis in ruminants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1egs7jF&md5=ee848ca66362ba1016510b0b0d22b4d4CAS |
Ropeleski MJ, Riehm J, Baer KA, Musch MW, Chang EB (2005) Anti-apoptotic effects of l-glutamine-mediated transcriptional modulation of the heat shock protein 72 during heat shock. Gastroenterology 129, 170–184.
| Anti-apoptotic effects of l-glutamine-mediated transcriptional modulation of the heat shock protein 72 during heat shock.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntVGrsb8%3D&md5=6b0202a8d51695fb1715625b2d1718cdCAS | 16012946PubMed |
Rowell LB (1974) Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiological Reviews 54, 75–159.
Ruell PA, Hoffman KM, Chow CM, Thompson MW (2004) Effect of temperature and duration of hyperthermia on HSP72 induction in rat tissues. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 267, 187–194.
| Effect of temperature and duration of hyperthermia on HSP72 induction in rat tissues.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVais7vI&md5=47d65b56940c5f758116545da8d34b66CAS | 15663200PubMed |
Ruis MAW, te Brake JHA, Engel B, Buist WG, Blokhuis HJ, Koolhaas JM (2001) Adaptation to social isolation: Acute and long-term stress responses of growing gilts with different coping characteristics. Physiology & Behavior 73, 541–551.
| Adaptation to social isolation: Acute and long-term stress responses of growing gilts with different coping characteristics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlslGnu7c%3D&md5=03dd1032400f4c7fe97b0f6a6e26c838CAS |
Rustenbeck I (2007) Unconventional antidiabetic agents. Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten 30, 131–137.
Sasaki S, Rho S, Choi K (2002) Regulatory mechanism for proliferation and differentiation in ovine preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. Proceedings of Japanese Society for Animal Nutrition and Metabolism 46, 101–119.
Schoenberg KM, Perfield KL, Farney JK, Bradford BJ, Boisclair YR, Overton TR (2011) Effects of prepartum 2,4-thiazolidinedione on insulin sensitivity, plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and leptin, and adipose tissue gene expression. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 5523–5532.
| Effects of prepartum 2,4-thiazolidinedione on insulin sensitivity, plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and leptin, and adipose tissue gene expression.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtl2qsLrM&md5=e864cd5e3e37b00b832b6ca477a7986dCAS | 22032375PubMed |
Schrama JW, Heetkamp MJW, Simmins PH, Gerrits WJJ (2003) Dietary betaine supplementation affects energy metabolism of pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81, 1202–1209.
Shelton JL, Payne RL, Johnston SL, Bidner TD, Southern LL, Odgaard RL, Page TG (2003) Effect of chromium propionate on growth, carcass traits, pork quality, and plasma metabolites in growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81, 2515–2524.
Shukla R, Bhonde RR (2008) Adipogenic action of vanadium: A new dimension in treating diabetes. Biometals 21, 205–210.
| Adipogenic action of vanadium: A new dimension in treating diabetes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsFajtr4%3D&md5=f7184fecde1bef4da88e962a240435c0CAS | 17671828PubMed |
Shwartz G, Rhoads ML, VanBaale MJ, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH (2009) Effects of a supplemental yeast culture on heat-stressed lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 935–942.
| Effects of a supplemental yeast culture on heat-stressed lactating Holstein cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXivVakt70%3D&md5=e6d1ca142212c02dbd297b3c4f53cd99CAS | 19233786PubMed |
Singleton KD, Wischmeyer PE (2006) Oral glutamine enhances heat shock protein expression and improves survival following hyperthermia. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 25, 295–299.
| Oral glutamine enhances heat shock protein expression and improves survival following hyperthermia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xis1amsr4%3D&md5=0fefb22568f1ed78b390cf99ecfa04e5CAS |
Sivitz WI, Fink BD, Donohoue PA (1999) Fasting and leptin modulate adipose and muscle uncoupling protein: Divergent effects between messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression. Endocrinology 140, 1511–1519.
Smith KL, Stebulis SE, Waldron MR, Overton TR (2007) Prepartum 2,4-thiazolidinedione alters metabolic dynamics and dry matter intake of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 3660–3670.
| Prepartum 2,4-thiazolidinedione alters metabolic dynamics and dry matter intake of dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXot1OltL4%3D&md5=f1ac8ef1e73b6f37806d1ba8ba5034b5CAS | 17638977PubMed |
Soukas A, Cohen P, Socci ND, Friedman JM (2000) Leptin-specific patterns of gene expression in white adipose tissue. Genes & Development 14, 963–980.
Spears JW, Whisnant CS, Huntington GB, Lloyd KE, Fry RS, Krafka K, Lamptey A, Hyda J (2012) Chromium propionate enhances insulin sensitivity in growing cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 2037–2045.
| Chromium propionate enhances insulin sensitivity in growing cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xkslaqsbg%3D&md5=0277db377aed08ef016c851b53083ea6CAS | 22459849PubMed |
Steele NC, Rosebrough RW (1979) Trivalent chromium and nicotinic acid supplementation for the turkey poult. Poultry Science 58, 983–984.
| Trivalent chromium and nicotinic acid supplementation for the turkey poult.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXkvV2qurY%3D&md5=850f909a1c8f61a320d7bea1083e7979CAS |
Steele NC, Althen TG, Frobish LT (1977) Biological activity of glucose tolerance factor in swine. Journal of Animal Science 45, 1341–1345.
Suster D, Leury BJ, King RH, Mottram M, Dunshea FR (2004) Interrelationships between porcine somatotropin (pST), betaine, and energy level on body composition and tissue distribution of finisher boars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, 983–990.
| Interrelationships between porcine somatotropin (pST), betaine, and energy level on body composition and tissue distribution of finisher boars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvVKiurk%3D&md5=547e84d4cbe64a23b882b2e9501680e4CAS |
Swanek SS, Morgan JB, Owens FN, Gill DR, Strasia CA, Dolezal HG, Ray FK (1999) Vitamin D3 supplementation of beef steers increases longissimus tenderness. Journal of Animal Science 77, 874–881.
Swiecki C, Stojadinovic A, Anderson J, Zhao A, Dawson H, Shea-Donohue T (2003) Effect of hyperglycemia and nitric oxide synthase inhibition on heat tolerance and induction of heat shock protein 72 kDa in vivo. The American Surgeon 69, 587–592.
Takakazu O, Kae O, Tetsuro H (2001) Mechanisms and mediators of psychological stress-induced rise in core temperature. Psychosomatic Medicine 63, 476–486.
Tanaka S, Takahashi E, Matsui T, Yano H (2001) Zinc promotes adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 14, 966–969.
Tsiotra PC, Tsigos C (2006) Stress, the endoplasmic reticulum, and insulin resistance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1083, 63–76.
| Stress, the endoplasmic reticulum, and insulin resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmslKrsw%3D%3D&md5=9059595d3cb1408f367a75653eabad12CAS | 17148734PubMed |
Uyanik F, Atasever A, Özdamar S, Aydin F (2002) Effects of dietary chromium chloride supplementation on performance, some serum parameters, and immune response in broilers. Biological Trace Element Research 90, 99–115.
| Effects of dietary chromium chloride supplementation on performance, some serum parameters, and immune response in broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntVKrtg%3D%3D&md5=2ab5e7dbae38659509705fc29b3f3db1CAS | 12666829PubMed |
Vamvakopoulos NC, Fukuhara K, Patchev V, Chrousos GP (1993) Effect of single and repeated immobilization stress on the heat shock protein 70/90 system of the rat–glucocorticoid-independent reversible reduction of Hsp90 in the liver and spleen. Neuroendocrinology 57, 1057–1065.
| Effect of single and repeated immobilization stress on the heat shock protein 70/90 system of the rat–glucocorticoid-independent reversible reduction of Hsp90 in the liver and spleen.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FltVeqsg%3D%3D&md5=0511bc2426ebddf071ff5238fec8bbc9CAS | 8232764PubMed |
Vianna DML, Carrive P (2005) Changes in cutaneous and body temperature during and after conditioned fear to context in the rat. The European Journal of Neuroscience 21, 2505–2512.
| Changes in cutaneous and body temperature during and after conditioned fear to context in the rat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang RL (2006) Influence of different dietary levels of zinc on performance, vitamin B-12, and blood parameters in lambs. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 76, 353–358.
| Influence of different dietary levels of zinc on performance, vitamin B-12, and blood parameters in lambs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkvVSgt74%3D&md5=730818e10eac575c7733696bafaa729eCAS |
Wang SJ, Chen HW, Huang MH, Yang RC (2007) Previous heat shock facilitates the glutamine-induced expression of heat-shock protein 72 in septic liver. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 23, 582–588.
| Previous heat shock facilitates the glutamine-induced expression of heat-shock protein 72 in septic liver.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang C, Liu Q, Yang WZ, Wu J, Zhang WW, Zhang P, Dong KH, Huang YX (2010a) Effects of betaine supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance, feed digestibilities and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. The Journal of Agricultural Science 148, 487–495.
| Effects of betaine supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance, feed digestibilities and plasma characteristics in dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotFeisbw%3D&md5=729ca643d452fb5205416d523dab44b5CAS |
Wang Z, Yao T, Pini M, Zhou Z, Fantuzzi G, Song Z (2010b) Betaine improved adipose tissue function in mice fed a high fat diet: A mechanism for hepatoprotective effect of betaine in nonalcholic fatty liver disease. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 298, G634–G642.
| Betaine improved adipose tissue function in mice fed a high fat diet: A mechanism for hepatoprotective effect of betaine in nonalcholic fatty liver disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmtlWjtLs%3D&md5=ce02c5bf39194cba6d7d85482085956fCAS | 20203061PubMed |
Warner RD, Ferguson DM, McDonagh MB, Channon HA, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR (2005) Acute exercise stress and electrical stimulation influence the consumer perception of sheep meat eating quality and objective quality traits. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, 553–560.
| Acute exercise stress and electrical stimulation influence the consumer perception of sheep meat eating quality and objective quality traits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Warner RD, Dunshea FR, Gutzke D, Lau J, Kearney G (2014a) Factors influencing the incidence of high rigor temperature in beef carcasses in Australia. Animal Production Science 54, 363–374.
| Factors influencing the incidence of high rigor temperature in beef carcasses in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Warner RD, Thompson JM, Polkinghorne R, Gutzke D, Kearney GA (2014b) A consumer sensory study of the influence of rigor temperature on eating quality and ageing potential of beef striploin and rump. Animal Production Science 54, 396–406.
| A consumer sensory study of the influence of rigor temperature on eating quality and ageing potential of beef striploin and rump.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Welch WJ (1992) Mammalian stress response: Cell physiology, structure/function of stress proteins, and implications for medicine and disease. Physiological Reviews 72, 1063–1081.
Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, Vanbaale MJ, Sanders SR, Baumgard LH (2010) Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 644–655.
| Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1CjtLY%3D&md5=436ea2252411d8f269eae61d43fc12c7CAS | 20105536PubMed |
Whitham M, Walker GJ, Bishop NC (2006) Effect of caffeine supplementation on the extracellular heat shock protein 72 response to exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 101, 1222–1227.
| Effect of caffeine supplementation on the extracellular heat shock protein 72 response to exercise.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlSksb7J&md5=f89f0b2a275cccb1e06d6bdba8697482CAS | 16794026PubMed |
Wischmeyer PE, Kahana M, Wolfson R, Ren H, Musch MM, Chang EB (2001) Glutamine reduces cytokine release, organ damage, and mortality in a rat model of endotoxemia. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 16, 398–402.
| Glutamine reduces cytokine release, organ damage, and mortality in a rat model of endotoxemia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnkslCkug%3D%3D&md5=7ee5021eb1db4f55ba64894072ed7da6CAS |
Xiao XQ, Grove KL, Grayson BE, Smith MS (2004) Inhibition of uncoupling protein expression during lactation: Role of leptin. Endocrinology 145, 830–838.
| Inhibition of uncoupling protein expression during lactation: Role of leptin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXovFSlsA%3D%3D&md5=0df311190825495093a02a4c2e57a779CAS | 14605003PubMed |
Yano H, Hirai S, Kitagawa M (2004) Recent advances in research for nutritional physiology of beef cattle. In ‘Proceedings of Japanese Society for Animal Nutrition and Metabolism’. pp. 79–104.
Yari M, Nikkhah A, Alikhani M, Khorvash M, Rahmani H, Ghorbani GR (2010) Physiological calf responses to increased chromium supply in summer. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 4111–4120.
| Physiological calf responses to increased chromium supply in summer.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlCqtrnP&md5=81fb04ad526c86472f9cec7b2fbb1281CAS | 20723686PubMed |
Yaspelkis BB, Scroop GC, Wilmore KM, Ivy JL (1993) Carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in hot and thermoneutral environments. International Journal of Sports Medicine 14, 13–19.
| Carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in hot and thermoneutral environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 8440539PubMed |
Young AJ (1990) Energy substrate utilization during exercise in extreme environments. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 18, 65–118.
| Energy substrate utilization during exercise in extreme environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3pt1Sqsw%3D%3D&md5=ba28a1a290de227e6e22e1f3146fe29dCAS | 2192901PubMed |
Yu J, Tang S, Bao E, Zhang M, Hao Q, Yue Z (2009) The effect of transportation on the expression of heat shock proteins and meat quality of M. longissimus dorsi in pigs. Meat Science 83, 474–478.
| The effect of transportation on the expression of heat shock proteins and meat quality of M. longissimus dorsi in pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtV2rt7vP&md5=93e1422d5e936830f41c71e45ea51e75CAS | 20416675PubMed |
Zhang J, Matheny MK, Tumer N, Mitchell MK, Scarpace PJ (2007) Leptin antagonist reveals that the normalization of caloric intake and the thermic effect of food after high-fat feeding are leptin dependent. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, R868–R874.
| Leptin antagonist reveals that the normalization of caloric intake and the thermic effect of food after high-fat feeding are leptin dependent.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjt1Gmsr4%3D&md5=6fcce6923ab34fe6a9bd588d88b5a867CAS | 17023670PubMed |
Zieba DA, Amstalden M, Williams GL (2005) Regulatory roles of leptin in reproduction and metabolism: A comparative review. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 29, 166–185.
| Regulatory roles of leptin in reproduction and metabolism: A comparative review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltVehu70%3D&md5=51b171dd869dffff6ab654a44a5536f5CAS | 15927772PubMed |
