Fenbendazole as a method for measuring supplement intake in grazing sheep
F. J. Fishpool A C , L. P. Kahn A , D. J. Tucker B , J. V. Nolan A and R. A. Leng A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
B NSW Department of Primary Industries, Beef Industry Centre of Excellence, JSF Barker Building, Trevenna Road, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: fifishpool@hotmail.com
Animal Production Science 52(12) 1142-1152 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN12008
Submitted: 10 January 2012 Accepted: 28 August 2012 Published: 2 October 2012
Abstract
Currently there is a need for an accurate and non-hazardous method to measure individual intake of a supplement in grazing sheep over a prolonged period. This paper examines the potential of fenbendazole (FBZ) as a marker of intake. The following five experiments aim to determine the relationship between oral ingestion of FBZ and the plasma concentrations of FBZ and its metabolites oxfendazole (OFZ) and FBZ-sulfone (SUL) after single, multiple and daily doses both in housed and grazing sheep and sheep infected with internal parasites. The results from these experiments indicate that OFZ+SUL concentrations in plasma are dependent on FBZ dose rate in housed and grazing animals with differences evident between different dose rates (P < 0.001). Variability of OFZ and SUL concentrations increase in grazing compared with housed animals. Area under the curve of metabolite concentrations was also shown to indicate dose rate regardless of the timing and frequency of dose. Stepwise regressions indicated that sampling every 48 h gave a good representation of area under the curve for different dose rates (R2 = 0.951, P < 0.001). A significant separation of treatment means was achieved when samples were taken every 48 h and pooled during daily dosing with FBZ (P < 0.001). Finally gastrointestinal nematode infection did not affect OFZ and SUL concentrations after daily doses of FBZ. The results from these experiments indicate that FBZ is a useful and accurate marker of supplement intake in grazing animals.
References
Ali DN, Chick BF (1992) Effect of feed type on the pharmacokinetic disposition of oxfendazole in sheep. Research in Veterinary Science 52, 382–383.| Effect of feed type on the pharmacokinetic disposition of oxfendazole in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xlt1eqtr8%3D&md5=81c022d094d0de99c12e3701263be637CAS |
Ali DN, Hennessy DR (1995) The effect of level of feed intake on the pharmacokinetic disposition of oxfendazole in sheep. International Journal for Parasitology 25, 63–70.
| The effect of level of feed intake on the pharmacokinetic disposition of oxfendazole in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktlymsLg%3D&md5=a05aa20e48852b873800eb06f772162eCAS |
Allan RJ, Goodman HT, Watson TR (1980) Two high-performance liquid chromatographic determinations for mebendazole and its metabolites in human plasma using a rapid Sep Pak C18 extraction. Journal of Chromatography. A 183, 311–319.
Bogan JA, Marriner SE (1980) Analysis of benzimidazoles in body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69, 422–423.
| Analysis of benzimidazoles in body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXktVSht7k%3D&md5=deee7dd805b8c969ec1a6eee86d79395CAS |
Bowman JGP, Sowell BF (1997) Delivery method and supplement consumption by grazing ruminants: a review. Journal of Animal Science 75, 543–550.
Burritt EA, Provenza FD (1989) Food aversion learning: ability of lambs to distinguish safe from harmful foods. Journal of Animal Science 67, 1732–1739.
Dixon RM, Smith DR, Reid A (2003) Lithium salts as a marker of intake of supplements by cattle. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, 37–46.
| Lithium salts as a marker of intake of supplements by cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXisVOitbg%3D&md5=06ffefed39c57626e1ae30e2442ac960CAS |
Dove H, Mayes RW (1991) The use of plant wax alkanes as marker substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores: a review. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, 913–952.
| The use of plant wax alkanes as marker substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmsFCku78%3D&md5=7c1d1594e3bb1bc580b839ce3497b7c0CAS |
Düwel D (1977) Fenbendazole. II. Biological properties and activity. Pesticide Science 8, 550–555.
| Fenbendazole. II. Biological properties and activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Grandin T (1997) Assessment of stress during handling and transport. Journal of Animal Science 75, 249–257.
Hennessy DR (1993) Pharmacokinetic disposition of benzimidazole drugs in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract. Parasitology Today (Personal Ed.) 9, 329–333.
| Pharmacokinetic disposition of benzimidazole drugs in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmtFKlsr4%3D&md5=9cb80271d9c6a7f9ac4ef6b84668f629CAS |
Hennessy DR, Sangster NC, Steel JW, Collins GH (1993) Comparative kinetic disposition of oxfendazole in sheep and goats before and during infection with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 16, 245–253.
| Comparative kinetic disposition of oxfendazole in sheep and goats before and during infection with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhsFaqtLo%3D&md5=7e285097025ca59a147a184e44fedb50CAS |
Hennessy DR, Ali DN, Tremain SA (1994) The partition and fate of soluble and digesta particulate associated oxfendazole and its metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. International Journal for Parasitology 24, 327–333.
| The partition and fate of soluble and digesta particulate associated oxfendazole and its metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlvFCrtb0%3D&md5=b678fa00437f95da8df94e245245360aCAS |
Kahn LP (1994) The use of lithium chloride for estimating supplement intake in grazing sheep: estimates of heritability and repeatability. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, 1731–1739.
| The use of lithium chloride for estimating supplement intake in grazing sheep: estimates of heritability and repeatability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitlGqtbs%3D&md5=7ecf603415facd44b0917cbdb6f43978CAS |
Knox MR, Steel JW, Ali DN, Le Jambre LF (1995) A comparison of plasma metabolite levels in goats and sheep during continuous low-level administration of fenbendazole. Veterinary Research Communications 19, 159–165.
| A comparison of plasma metabolite levels in goats and sheep during continuous low-level administration of fenbendazole.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2MzntlWhsA%3D%3D&md5=df83ef530ead868570f594a3f94fc066CAS |
Langlands JP (1975) Techniques for estimating nutrient intake and its utilisation by the grazing ruminant. In ‘Digestion and metabolism in the ruminants’. (Eds IW Mc Donald, ACI Warner) pp. 320–332. (University of New England Publishing Unit: Armidale, NSW)
Lanusse CE, Gascon LH, Prichard RK (1995) Comparative plasma disposition kinetics of albendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole and their metabolites in adult sheep. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 18, 196–203.
| Comparative plasma disposition kinetics of albendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole and their metabolites in adult sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmslCqu7k%3D&md5=6049a6b3b0c7d2e81e7cf3e96f7f2de4CAS |
Lee GJ, Nolan JV (2003) Sources of variation in n-alkane concentrations in the cuticular wax of two species of pasture plants. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, 21–26.
| Sources of variation in n-alkane concentrations in the cuticular wax of two species of pasture plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhs1yntrc%3D&md5=984e1c95573c914ed346d14102bb1dcdCAS |
Lifschitz A, Virkel G, Mastromarino M, Lanusse C (1997) Enhanced plasma availability of the metabolites of albendazole in fasted adult sheep. Veterinary Research Communications 21, 201–211.
| Enhanced plasma availability of the metabolites of albendazole in fasted adult sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3ksFarug%3D%3D&md5=582a3b23db73bf1fa75deff784ab06f4CAS |
Marriner SE, Bogan JA (1981) Pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research 42, 1146–1148.
Marriner SE, Evans ES, Bogan JA (1985) Effect of parasitism with Ostertagia circumcincta on pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in sheep. Veterinary Parasitology 17, 239–249.
| Effect of parasitism with Ostertagia circumcincta on pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXktlWqsLg%3D&md5=7e46557331dd8d2ac6ed9b15d62c36bcCAS |
Prichard RK, Hennessy DR, Steel JW (1978) Prolonged administration: a new concept for increasing the spectrum and effectiveness of anthelmintics. Veterinary Parasitology 4, 309–315.
| Prolonged administration: a new concept for increasing the spectrum and effectiveness of anthelmintics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXhtFGhurw%3D&md5=cefba0bd41b0ffc5a09b3548135c0fb9CAS |
Reid RL, Mills SC (1962) Studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of sheep. XIV. The adrenal response to psychological stress. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 13, 282–295.
| Studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of sheep. XIV. The adrenal response to psychological stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF38Xktlahurg%3D&md5=c43ba885bd988b5eede750de3f632164CAS |
Roberts FHS, O’Sullivan PJ (1950) Methods for egg counts and larval cultures for strongyles infesting the gastro-intestinal tract of cattle. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 1, 99–102.
| Methods for egg counts and larval cultures for strongyles infesting the gastro-intestinal tract of cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Suharyono (1992) Estimation of dietary intake in sheep, using lithium as a marker. PhD Thesis, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
Taylor SM, Mallon TR, Blanchflower WJ, Kennedy DG, Green WP (1992) Effects of diet on plasma concentrations of oral anthelmintics for cattle and sheep. The Veterinary Record 130, 264–268.
| Effects of diet on plasma concentrations of oral anthelmintics for cattle and sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK383mtlOhtQ%3D%3D&md5=d9db432e5cbb558b0feb6351de3d623dCAS |
van Wyk JA, Cabaret J, Michael LM (2004) Morphological identification of nematode larvae of small ruminants and cattle simplified. Veterinary Parasitology 119, 277–306.
| Morphological identification of nematode larvae of small ruminants and cattle simplified.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c3lsFyquw%3D%3D&md5=db764f1fdc7c113ff1be8ad05e80679dCAS |
Whitlock HV (1948) Some modifications of the McMaster helminth egg-counting technique and apparatus. Journal of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research 21, 177–180.
